Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Law of Multiplicity of Evidence The greater the number of similarities and dissimilarities, the greater is the probability for the conclusion to be correct.
Tatooing
Maiming
Alphonse Bertillion
Anthropometry
Anthropometry is a very old science which relates to the measurement of body dimensions. These may be:
measurement of skinfold thickness at various sites on the body (e.g. at the back of the upper arm, tricep skinfold).
Portrait Parle
1903
US Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas Almost exact Bertillion measurements
History of Fingerprint
Picture writing of a hand with ridge patterns was discovered in Nova Scotia. In ancient Babylon, fingerprints were used on clay tablets for business transactions.
In ancient China, thumb prints were found on clay seals. They referred to it as Hua Chi (Ki and Io)
In 14th century Persia, various official government papers had fingerprints (impressions), and one government official, a doctor, observed that no two fingerprints were exactly alike.
Nehemiah Grew
1684
Philosophical Transaction presented in Royal Society of London, England Described the ridges and pores of the hands and feet
Govard Bidloo
Marcelo Malpighi
Father of Dactyloscopy
1686 Professor at University of Bolognia, Italy WrittenDeExternoTactusOrgano Discovery of Epidermis and Dermis layer
Malphigi layer
JCA Mayer
1788
Anatomiche Kuphertafeln First to state that fingerprints are never duplicated in two persons
Johannes Purkinje
1823
Professor at University of Breslau, Germany Established a classification system of fingerprints Identified 9 type of patterns
Herman Welcker
Took his own fingerprint twice with a lapse of 41 years and showed the ridge formation remains the same
William Herschel
1858
Chief Magistrate of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India First to advocate the use of fingerprints as substitute for signature among Indian natives to avoid impersonation Based on superstition rather than personal identification
Rajyadhar Konai local businessman, first person that Herschel took the palm print of
Henry Faulds
1870's
Gilbert Thomson
1882
U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico Used his own thumb print on a document to prevent forgery First known use of fingerprints in the United States
Mark Twain
1883
Samuel L. Clemens Life of the Mississippi
a murderer was identified by the use of fingerprint identification there was a dramatic court trial on fingerprint identification
Francis Galton
1888
First classification system Developed the Arch, Loop and Whorl patterns as general classification Identified 9 types of patterns
1891
Juan Vucetich
Argentine Police Official, began the first fingerprint files based on Galton pattern types System was accepted in most Spanish Speaking countries At first, included fingerprint with the Bertillon System files
1892
First criminal fingerprint identification
Francis Rojas-murdered her two sons and cut her own throat (left a bloody mark at the post)
June 12, 1897 Council of the Governor General of India approved a committee report that fingerprints should be used for classification of criminal records
Father of fingerprint
Developed the Henry System of Classification at Scotland Yard Accepted by almost all English-speaking countries
Edmond Locard
12 point system
Wrote that if 12 points (Galton's Details) were the same between two fingerprints, it would suffice as a positive identification