LECTURE 1,2,3 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

Course instructor:Mudassar Zulfiqar

mudssar.1983@gmail.com

SOCIOLOGY

The term sociology is derived from the Latin word societas meanings society and Greek word Logos meanings study

what do you understand the meaning of the term sociology?

Sociology is the systematic study of human society. ( J.J Macionis) The scientific study of human life, social groups, and societies. (Giddens 2009)

WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

The special point of view of sociology that sees that see general patterns of society in the lives of particular people

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Access the truth of common sense To see the opportunities and constraints in our life To be active participants in our society To live in a diverse world

WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY
How

humans interact with each other? How human behavior is shaped by social structures (groups, communities, organizations) social categories (age, sex, class, etc.) social institutions (politics, religion, education, etc.)

ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY

August Comte is thought of as the "Father of Sociology" as he coined the term sociology in 1838 . There are five major founders of sociology: August Comte Herbert Spencer Karl Marx Emile Durkheim Max Weber

ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY
Social forces French Revolution A new industrial Economy Growth of cities

THEORETICAL APPROACHES/PERSPECTIVES
1.
2. 3.

The structural-functional approach The social-conflict approach The symbolic-interaction approach

THEORETICAL APPROACHES/PERSPECTIVES
The structural-functional approach (August comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim) Social structure Social functions 1. Manifest function 2. Latent function Social dysfunction

THEORETICAL APPROACHES/PERSPECTIVES
How is society held together? What are the major parts of the society? What are these parts linked ? What does each part do to help society work?

THEORETICAL APPROACHES/PERSPECTIVES
The social-conflict approach (Karl Marx) Conflict between dominant(rich) and disadvantaged(poor) Social change that would reduce inequality Feminism and Gender conflict Race conflict

THEORETICAL APPROACHES/PERSPECTIVES
How does society divide a population? How do advantaged people protect their privileges? How do disadvantage people challenge the system seeking change?

THEORETICAL APPROACHES/PERSPECTIVES
The symbolic-interaction approach (Max Weber) Human beings live in a world of symbols

How do people experience society? How do behavior and meaning change from person to person and from one situation to another situation?

SOCIOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES

The natural sciences The intellectual and academic disciplines to explain the events in our natural environment. The social sciences Examine human relationship by understanding social world through controlled and repeated observation

SOCIOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES

Political science Sociology Economics and sociology Anthropology and sociology Psychology and sociology

Economist

ELEPHANT STORY

SUBJECT MATTER OF SOCIOLOGY

At a personal level Love, racial prejudice, gender identity, deviant behavior and religious experience At a societal level Existence of poverty and wealth, the creation of law, the administration of justice, prejudice and discrimination, business enterprises and entrepreneurship, schools and education At the global level such things as population growth and migration, economic development and globalization, war and peace, and policies to support the protection of the environment.