Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ACCENT TRAINING
No.of Days : 8
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Day 1
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AMERICAN CULTURE
Knowing More About America
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The nations capital, Washington D.C is seventeenth in population. Specially planned and built as a national capital, Washington was laid out by a French architect in the 18th century. A city of great beauty and a center of world affairs, it is becoming a leading cultural center. SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS
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Because of the general rise in family incomes, factory workers, owners of small businesses, school teachers and sales personnel can be found in the same suburban communities, in homes very much alike.
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Many young people hold part-time jobs after school hours. Thousands earn money SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS delivering newspapers or being baby sitters.
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Majority of young Americans at the age of 18 get a car to drive which could be second hand. The loan systems are very comfortable for people to buy homes and cars at an early age.
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National Celebrations
Americans share three national holidays with many countries: Easter Sunday, Christmas Day, and New Years Day.
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Easter, which falls on a spring Sunday that varies from year to year, celebrates the Christian belief in the resurrection of Jesus Christ. For Christians, Easter is a day of religious services and a family gathering. Many Americans follow old traditions of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving children baskets of candy. On the next day, Easter Monday, the president of United States holds an annual Easter egg hunt on the White House lawn for young children.
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National Celebrations
Christmas Day, December 25, is another christian holiday; it marks the birth of Christ. Decorating houses and yards with lights, putting up Christmas trees, giving gifts, and sending greeting cards have become traditions even for many nonChristian Americans. New Years Day, of course, is January 1. The celebration of this holiday begins the night before when Americans gather to wish each other a happy and prosperous new year.
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Republicans are not necessarily opposed to such programs but believe they are too costly to taxpayers. Republicans put more emphasis in the belief that a strong private sector makes citizens less dependent on government.
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The United States declared its independence in the year 1776, the same year that Scottish economist Adam Smith wrote The Wealth Of Nations, a book that has had an enormous influence on American economic development. Like many other thinkers, Smith believed that in a capitalist system people are naturally selfish and are moved to engage in manufacturing and trade in order to gain wealth and power. Smiths originality was to argue that such activity is beneficial because it leads to increased production and sharpens competition.
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As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, Smith argued, an invisible hand guides them to enrich and improve whole of society. Most Americans believe that the rise of their nation as a great economic power could not have occurred under any other system except capitalism, also known as free enterprise after a corollary to Smiths thinking: that government should interfere in commerce as little as possible.
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Very early in American history, people saw that they could make money by lending it to those who wanted to start or expand a business. To this day, small American entrepreneurs usually borrow the money they need from friends, relatives, or banks. Larger businesses, however, are more likely to acquire cash by selling stocks or bonds to unrelated parties. These transactions usually take place through a stock exchange, or stock market. Europeans established the first stock exchange in Antwerp, Belgium, in 1531. Brought to the United States in 1792, the institution of the stock market flourished, especially at the New York Stock Exchange, located in the Wall Street area of New York City, the nations financial hub.
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Newspapers
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The top five daily newspapers by circulation in 1995 were the Wall Street Journal(1,823,207), USA Today (1,570,624), the New York Times(1,170,869), the Los Angeles Times (1,053,498), and the Washington Post (840,232). The youngest of the top five, USA Today, was launched as a national newspaper in 1982 after exhaustive research by the Gannett chain. It relies on bold graphic design, color photos, and brief articles to capture an audience of urban readers interested in newsbites rather than traditional, long stories.
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Magazines
Magazines on virtually any topic imaginable have appeared, including Tennis, Trailer Life, and Model Railroading, Other magazines have targeted segments within their audience for special attention. TV Guide, Time , and Newsweek, for example, publish regional editions. Several magazines are attempting to personalize the contents of each issue according to an individual readers interests.
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In the meantime, a fourth major commercial network, Fox, has come into being and challenged the big three networks; several local TV stations have switched their affiliation from one of the big three to the newcomer. Two more national network - WB and UPN - have also come along, and the number of cable television channels continues to expand.
There are 335 public television stations across the United States, each of which is independent and serves its communitys interests. But the stations are united by such national entities as the Public Broadcasting Service, which supplies programming.
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STATE CAPITALS .
Alabama - Montgomery Alaska - Juneau Arizona - Phoenix Arkansas - Little Rock California - Sacramento Colorado - Denver Florida - Tallahassee Georgia - Atlanta Hawaii - Honolulu Idaho - Boise Illinois - Springfield Indiana - Indianapolis Lowa - Des Moines Kansas - Topeka Kentucky - Frankfort Louisiana - Baton Rouge Maine - Augusta Maryland - Annapolis Massachusetts - Boston Michigan - Lansing Minnesota - St. Paul Mississippi - Jackson Missouri - Jefferson City Montana - Helena Nebraska - Lincoln Nevada - Carson City New Hampshire - Concord New Jersey - Trenton New Mexico - Santa Fe New York - Albany
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STATE CAPITALS
New Carolina - Raleigh North Dakota - Bismarck Ohio - Columbus Oklahoma - Oklahoma City Oregon - Salem Pennsylvania - Harrisburg Rhode Island Providence South Carolina Columbia South Dakota - Pierre Tennessee - Nashville Texas - Austin Utah - Salt Lake City Vermont - Montpelier Virginia - Richmond Washington - Olympia West Virginia Charleston Wisconsin - Madison Wyoming - Cheyenne
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PRONUNCIATIONS
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ACCENTS
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Learning Accents
What is Accent ?
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Accent is a combination of three main components : intonation (speech music how it sounds), liaisons (word connections) and pronunciation (the spoken sounds of vowels, consonants and combinations)
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Learning Accents
Difference between Grammar and Accent
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So thinking of music, feeling and flow, let your mouth relax into your American Accent.
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Learning Accents
Many people equate accent with pronunciation. This is not true at all. America is a big country and while the pronunciation varies from the East Coast to the West Coast, from the southern to the northern states, two components that are uniquely American stay basically the same the speech music or intonation and the word connections or liaisons.
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Learning Accents
In the next eight days, you will be given the following tools to learn accents better : -- Audio tape/CD as a support -- Video cassettes / VCD : Relevant English movies to watch to recognize accents and get familiar with the most commonly spoken words and phrases.
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Learning Accents
The main objective is to get familiar with accents and recognize key words , sentences and conversations.
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Learning Accents
FOR THE TRAINERS Audio : -- after each Audio Piece, please make each student repeat the audio exactly the way its said. Video : -- after watching every movie : each team will fill-up the questionnaire for that day in the workbook.
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Learning Accents
FOR THE TRAINERS Video : -- Except 1American movie & 1 British movie which will be watched in full in the first two days, on all the other days, the group will watch only a part of the movie (say the first half hour) -- Collect all the words and phrases from each team and make a comprehensive list at the end of the Accent Training module.
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Audio Tapes -2
Video Cassettes - 10
Home Assignments
Details in the Power Point slides and Assessment Sheet in the Students Workbook
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Day 2
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Each team will be informed at the outset that they will need to choose a part of the movie of their choice for a skit that will take place on Day 8
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PRONUNCIATIONS
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SYLLABLE PATTERNS
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Home Assignment
DO IT YOURSELF Going through the program guide : 1.1 Following a list of all the programs that need to be watched 1.2 Getting familiar with words used in the programs
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Day 3
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Open-house Discussion
The programs the students have watched
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PRONUNCIATIONS
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STAIRCASE INTONATION
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Home Assignment
Watching CNN and noting down key words on two levels : 1.1 the most commonly used words 1.2 differently pronounced words Each student must write at least 5 words of each type and watch CNN for a minimum of one hour
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Day 4
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SPEAKING SKILLS
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PRONUNCIATIONS
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Intonation
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Reduced Sounds
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Tenses
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Intonations
Paragraphs
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Home Assignment
1.1 Tape your voice with a few key words discussed in class using the American Accent
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Day 5
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The Sounds
Sounds of A and E
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The Sounds
The American T
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The Sounds
The American EL
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The Sounds
The American R
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The American and British Pronunciation of the most commonly used words and phrases
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Discussion and Collation of All Words and Phrases From All Teams
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Day 6
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The Sounds
Some more on the American T
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The Sounds
The Middle I
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The Sounds
Sounds of V
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The Sounds
Sounds of S or Z
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Pronunciations - General
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Home Assignment
Watching BBC and noting down key words on two levels : 1.1 The most commonly used words 1.2 Differently pronounced words
Each student must write at least 5 words of each type and watch CNN for a minimum of one hour.
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Home Assignment
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Day 7
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Role-Play - Live
The Trainer asks 5 -8 students at random to tell any 3 States of America - Practicing pronunciation through mocks
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Written Skills
On the e-mail : --- Important to be crisp and short --- The message and content should not change --- Presentation should be simple
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Written Skills
On the e-mail : Steps involved :
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1. Subject : should be very clear, and concise 2. Name of the person : as Dear Patrick 3. Introduction : one sentence, should be appealing 4. Message/Content : this should not be more than 4-5 sentences with appropriate paragraph changes
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Written Skills
On the e-mail : Steps involved :
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5. Closing : should be positive, with a reconfirmation of the next steps and a nice verbiage.
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Written Skills
On the e-mail :
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There should be an effort to include a few of the most commonly used words.
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Day 8
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-- Each team can select their own topic for the e-mail
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Each team will choose one person from the team to speak
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