Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1. Parasympathetic division Divisions of the 2. Sympathetic division autonomic nervous Serve most of the same system organs but cause opposing or antagonistic effects
Only innervate internal organs (not skin) Acetylcholine is neurotransmitter at end organ as well as at preganglionic synapse: cholinergic
4
Parasympathetic
Cholinergic Receptors
The two types of receptors that bind ACh are nicotinic and muscarinic Nicotinic receptors are found on:
Motor end plates (somatic targets) All ganglionic neurons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions The hormone-producing cells of the adrenal medulla
Muscarinic Receptors
Muscarinic receptors occur on all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers The effect of ACh binding:
Can be either inhibitory or excitatory Depends on the receptor type of the target organ
Norepinephrine (aka noradrenaline) is neurotransmitter released by most postganglionic fibers (acetylcholine in preganglionic): adrenergic
8
Sympathetic
Adrenergic Receptors
The two types of adrenergic receptors are alpha and beta Each type has two or three subclasses (1, 2, 1, 2 , 3) Effects of NE binding to:
receptors is generally stimulatory receptors is generally inhibitory
Summary
Hypothalamus: main integration center Reticular formation: most direct influence over autonomic function