PROFILE LEVELING

It is the leveling operation is to determine the undulations of ground surface along a predetermined line.

Primary use is for utilities: A. Highways B. Canals C. Sewers D. Sidewalks E. Retaining walls F. Water mains G. Fences

All of these need accurate information about the topography along the route.

It is a common practice to use a procedure called stationing.

1. Stations are established at uniform distances along the route.

2.
3. 4.

Standard station distance is 100 feet.

Half or quarter stations are used when the topography is very variable. The distance from the starting point to the station is used as the station identification.

Bench Mark:
it is the point mark from Which we start our work of known elevation. It may be permanent or temporary. IN Pakistan almost mean sea level is taken as a bench mark but any arbitrary point can be taken

BACK SIGHT
It is the staff rod reading taken on a point of Known elevation as on B.M or change point and it is the first staff reading taken after the level is set up.

HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENT

It is the R.L of plane of collimation when The instrument is correctly level H.I = R.L/B.M+B.S

INTERMEDIATE SIGHT

It is the staff reading reading taken on the Point of unknown elevation from the same Of level

FORE SIGHT

It is the reading of staff rod on a point whose Elevation is to be determined as on a change Point. It is the last staff reading of level at A same place.

PROFILE DATA TABLE

STA BS HI FS I.S ELEV

EXAMPLE
We take this rod for our leveling work

Step one: establish the standard stations.

Note: the last station (745.1) is established even though it is not a standard station.
10

EXAMPLE.
Step 2: Determine the sites for the critical features.

In this example, the critical features are the rapid change is slope at 337.5 and the road at 489.6.
Note a stations were established at 489.6 and 546.4 to define the width of the road and any changes in elevation across the road.

11

EXAMPLE
Step 3: Set up the instrument and start recording data.

The first rod reading is a backsight on the first sidewalk (benchmark) to establish the height of the instrument. Note: in this case the true elevation of the benchmark is unknown, therefore 100.00 feet is used.

12

EXAMPLE ONE DATA TABLE

STA 0.0 BS 10.5 HI 110.5 FS I.S ELEV 100.00

13

EXAMPLE
Step 4: Start recording the rod readings for each station.

Note: station 100 is not used as a benchmark or as a turning point, therefore it is an intermediate foresight.

14

EXAMPLE DATA TABLE

STA 0.0 100 BS 10.5 HI 110.5 6.3 FS IS ELEV 100.0 104.2

15

EXAMPLE
The rod reading for each station is recorded on the appropriate line of the table.

STA 0.0 100 200 300 337.5 400 489.6

BS 10.5

HI 110.5

FS

IFS 6.3 3.9 4.1 7.4 9.2

ELEV 100.0 104.2 106.6 106.4 103.1 101.3 102.5

8.0

Note: the rod reading for station 489.6 is placed in the FS column because this station will be used as a turning point.
16

Step 6: the instrument is moved so the remaining stations can be reached.

STA
0.0

BS
10.5

HI
110.5

FS

IFS
6.3
3.9 4.1 7.4 9.2

ELEV
100.0

100
200 300 337.5 400

104.2
106.6 106.4 103.1 101.3

489.6 500

6.6

109.1

8.0 6.7

102.5 102.5

546.4
600 700 745.1 1.5

6.8
4.9 2.2

102.2
104.2 106.9 107.6
17

Sidewalk Profile
108.0 107.5 107.0 106.5 106.0 105.5 105.0
Elevation

107.6 106.6 106.4 106.9

104.5 104.0 103.5 103.0 102.5 102.0 101.5 101.0 100.5 100.0 99.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Distance 100.0 101.3 103.1 102.4 102.5 102.3 104.2 104.2