Ind ia' s En er gy r equi re ment s - Chal le nge s &

So lu ti on s

By :
Abhi man yu Kr .Si ngh
Anu rag Jain
Pr agya Ko thar i
Sau ra v An an d

Petrol eum & Ene rgy M ana gem ent

Raji v G an dhi Inst it ut e Of Pe tr ole um T ech nol ogy
 This presentation describes the
major energy challenges faced
globally and possible suggestions to
Jan 13-2009
overcome it.

Overview:

5)The energy crisis-the challenge

7)Bottle necks-The factors

9)Possible Remedies

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 Some critical findings (Source-WEO)

1) World primary energy demand grows by 1.6

per cent per year on an average between 2006
and 2030 - an increase of 45 per cent.
Jan 13-2009
2) Demand for oil rises from 85 million barrels per
day now to 106 mb/d in 2030 - 10 mb/d less than
projected last year.

3) Demand for coal rises more than any other fuel

in absolute terms, accounting for over a third of
the increase in energy use.

4) Modern renewable grow most rapidly,

overtaking gas to become the second-largest
source of electricity soon after 2010.

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 Contd…
5)China and India account for over half of
incremental energy demand to 2030 while the
Middle East emerges as a major new demand
centre.

6) The share of the world's energy consumed in

Jan 13-2009 cities grows from two-thirds to almost three-
quarters in 2030.

7) Almost all of the increase in fossil-energy

production occurs in non-OECD countries.

8) These trends call for energy-supply investment

of $26.3 trillion to 2030, or over $1 trillion per
year

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 The Challenge……………………
World Primary Energy Demand
7 000

6 000 Oil

5 000
Jan 13-2009
Natural gas
4 000
Mtoe

3 000 Coal

2 000 Other renewables

1 000 Nuclear power

Hydro power
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Fossil fuels account for almost 90% of the growth in energy

demand between now and 2030

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 Increase in World Primary Energy
Production by Region
6 000
share of total increase (%) 85%
5 000

4 000

59%
Mtoe

Jan 13-2009 3 000

2 000
31%
1 000 12%
10% 3%
0
1971-2004 2004-2030

OECD Transition economies Developing countries

Almost all the increase in production to 2030 occurs outside th

OECD

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 World Proven Oil and Gas Reserves

Oil
Non-MENA
39%

Saudi
Arabia
Jan 13-2009 20%
Other Natural gas
MENA
14% Kuwait Iraq Non-MENA
Iran 55%
8% 9%
10%

Other
MENA Iran
8% UAE Saudi 16%
3% Qatar
Arabia 14%
4%

MENA share of global oil and gas reserves is much higher than its share
of current production, suggesting strong potential for growth

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 The Consumers…….
World Transportation Oil Demand
40

35

Jan 13-2009
30
mb/d

25

20

1971
15
17 27 37 47 57
GDP (billion 2004 US$ using PPPs)

Oil demand for transport increases very closely in line with

GDP
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 World Energy-Related CO2
Emissions
20 000

16 000

12 000
Mt of CO2

Jan 13-2009

8 000

4 000

0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

OECD Transition economies Developing countries

Global emissions grow 62% between 2002 & 2030, and

developing countries’ emissions will overtake OECD’s in the
2020s
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 Growth in World Energy Demand and CO2
Emissions
2.5%

average annual growth rate

2.0%

Jan 13-2009 1.5%

1.0%

0.5%

0.0%
1971-2004 2004-2030
Primary energy demand CO2 Emissions

Average carbon content of primary energy increases

slightly through 2030 – in contrast to past trends
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 Electricity Deprivation

Jan 13-2009

In 2030, if no major new policies are implemented, there will still be 1.4
billion people without electricity.
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 The bottlenecks……..

•Lack of awareness esp. in rural areas

•Lifestyle

Jan 13-2009 •Political unwillingness

•Slackness on the part of citizens

•Less encouragement and incentives to conserve

energy

•Lack of sponsors to fund R&D in energy efficient

technologies

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 Possible Remedies…………………………
…………………
1 Promotion of fuel efficient Technologies
Example. BEE(Bureau of energy efficiency) norms
should be made more stringent
Incentive For more fuel efficient system
like HRSG, Common Rail Diesel Injection, Turbo
Jan 13-2009 Chargers.
Promotion of Green Buildings.

2 Use of Mass Rapid Transit System saves

Time And Overall Energy Consumption of the
economy, bringing down per capita energy
consumption requirement
Use of MRTS in tier 2 cities like Ahemdabad,
Bhubaneshwar Nagpur and Lucknow .

3 Creation of dedicated Bicycle Lane helps in

promotion of ecofriendly medium mode of
transport and also ensures riders safety
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 4 Promotion of Public Transport: This will lead
to more efficient use of energy and bring down the
per capita energy consumption.

5. R&D Investment: This is something which is

Jan 13-2009 very country specific and. Investment into Soya
bean cultivation and R&D so that it can be used to
produce both the energy and protein rich food to
take care of the malnourishment in the world
today.

6. Localising the energy generation and

consumption so that the Transmission and
Distribution losses (which are 31%) can be
removed.

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 7. Rainwater Harvesting: This can be used
for both Ground water harvesting and lowering
the energy consumption used in pumping
water. This will also obviate the need to use
pipelines to transport water thereby making
the supply of water more sustainable, reliable
and localised.
Jan 13-2009

8. Use of Sewage as a source of energy:

Rather than discharging the sewage as
untreated, it can be used to generate bio gas in
order to meet energy needs in a more localised
manner. This will have lesser environmental
impact as the sewage is treated before being
discharged and used for generating energy
producing gases.
The Oil PSU’s and other private players can be
encouraged to venture into this area. This will
not only add to their Corporate Social
Responsibilities but of will
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Petroleum be a great
 9. Investment Policy: The investment policy of
India should be made more transparent so that the
Big environmental companies get impetus to invest
and thereby contribute to the cleansing of
environment in India. This also entails more
investment in the quality education sector so that
skilled manpower for those companies.
Jan 13-2009

10. Awareness: Awareness about environment

should be promoted from the most basic level so
that there is more acceptability of eco-friendly
solutions which will be a part of the policy in the
coming future. This awareness campaign should be
made a Nationwide phenomena like the
environmental projects “Project Tiger” and “Ganga
Action Plan”.

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 11. Basic HSE(Health Safety and
Environment)

Certification: This should be made

compulsory for all Small and Medium
Enterprises (SME’s. Looking at the current
scenario the SME’s are not very participative
Jan 13-2009 in the area of environment and sustainability.
Making the certification compulsory will make
them understand the role of HSE and its
importance thereby making them more
receptive to sustainable energy consumption

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 12. NEW FRONTIERS:
b.Algae bioreactor can be utilized to recycle CO2
from power and manufacturing plant flue gases
and convert it to an onsite, continuous supply of
biofuel, such as ethanol or methane. The
bioreactor productivities suggest annual yields of
5,000-10,000 gallons of biodiesel and a
Jan 13-2009
comparable amount of bioethanol per acre.(Source
– ebulletin)

d.Soya husks can be used as protein source or in

animal feeds after oil has been recovered from it.
The oil can be used in bio-diesel after processing.

c. Currently gas is the life-line of fertilizer units

world over. We can reduce gas consumption in
fertilizer units by promoting bio-fertilizers.

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Jan 13-2009

Thank
You!

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 References:
WEO-2008 Reference Scenario
Climateprediction.net

Jan 13-2009

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