Computer Networks (Lecture 1)

Bijendra Jain
(bnj@cse.iitd.ac.in)

Dept. of Computer Sc. And Engg. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

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Course Schedule
Structure: LTP 4-0-2 Lectures 42 Associated Home Assignments (12%) Programming and Laboratory Assignments (24%) 2 Minor and Major Exams (64%) Pre-requisites: Computer Architecture and Data Structures Recommended:
Operating systems Topics in Communication Systems & Probability Theory
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Text

A. S. Tanenbaum: Computer Networks, Prentice Hall India, 4th edition (reference only) W. Stallings: Data and Computer Communications, Prentice Hall India, 7th edition

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Definition of Computer Networks

A "computer network" is an interconnected set of autonomous computers, and other resources, that permit distributed access to information

Interconnection both at physical and application level Autonomy in using or providing resources Access to different resources by remote users Rules out multi-processor systems based masterslave relationships
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Course outline

Basics of data communication (channel capacity, encoding, etc.) Data-link protocols for reliable communication (CRC, multiaccess protocols) Network layer protocols (topology, routing, congestion control, and internetworking) Transport layer protocols and error recovery Application layer services and protocols (email, ftp, http, dns, etc.) Secure communication (confidentiality, authentication and integrity) Network management

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Why Networks?

Resource sharing (CPU, peripherals, information and software) Communications (person-to-person, text + graphics + audio + video) (more recently) environment monitoring and control

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Network applications

Super computing Collaborative research and development Integrated system for design, manufacturing, inventory control, marketing, etc. Banking (fund transfers, ATM) Transportation (courier, cargo, rail, air) WEB E-commerce Electronic publishing and digital libraries Multi-media communication (tele-training, collaborative computing, etc.) Voice-over-IP, Video-on-demand Health-care delivery (remote diagnosis) Sensor networks Computer Networks, Jan-May 2004

Design Issues

Variety of Resources: *computer systems *operating systems *transmission media

Variety of applications Errors and Breakdown: *transmission line errors and communication equipment failure *computer equipment breakdown *incompatible or incorrect implementations
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Design Issues (2)

Capacity Limitations: *CPU, storage *transmission bandwidth

Security: *confidentiality *authentication *integrity

Cost and Performance

User-friendly access
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Fundamental problems in networking

Information transfer: *store-n-forward packet switching *addressing and routing *flow control *data integrity *efficiency Performance assessment and quality of service Information representation Network and computing resource management Security Management

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Store-n-forward packet switching

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Store-n-forward packet switching (2)

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Network architecture: OSI model

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Network architecture: TCP/IP model

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Network architecture

The concept of layering results in: *modular construction *top-down design *independence from underlying implementation

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Network architecture (2)

Concept of service, and of protocol

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Information representation

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Classification of Networks

On geographical basis:
*LAN *MANs *WANs *interconnected LANs, MANs and WANs *home networks

On basis of protocol stack (TCP/IP, OSI, SNA, Novell, ) On basis of underlying technology (Ethernet, wireless, optical-fibre,) On basis of ownership On basis of applications

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LANs

Privately owned media and services Local, fast Shared access to a broadcast medium

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Local wireless networks

Two modes:
Infrastucture-based Peer-to-peer

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Infrastucture-based wireless network

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Infrastucture-less wireless network

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(TV cable-based) MANs

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(Telephone-network based) MANs

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Interconnected LANs, WAN

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Wire-less sensor networks

sensor
sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor

sensor sensor sensor sensor

collators collators Selfconfiguring network Central manager

collators

collators

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