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Departemen Fisiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dr. Poland Room 3-007, Sanger Hall, Phone: 828-9557 E-mail: poland@hsc.vcu.edu
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
heart, which serves as a pump for the blood, blood vessels, which transport blood throughout the body. a continuous and closed circuit,
Functions of the Cardio-Vascular System Delivery of O2, Glucose and other nutrients to active tissues. Transport of metabolites and other substances to and from storage sites. Transport of hormones, antibodies and other substances to site of action.
Dr Peter K. McFawn Department of Physiology Queens University Botterell Hall 4 th floor pkm@post.queensu.ca http://meds.queensu.ca/physiol/underg.html
HEART
heart consists of two separate pumps;
right and left side right side; pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary gas exchange, uptake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide can take place
tissues of the body through the systemic circulation oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the tissues to sustain their activities; and carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products are removed from the tissues
BLOOD VESSELS
arterial system, arteries and arterioles, carry blood away from heart and toward tissues. arterioles deliver blood to the capillaries where exchange of substances between blood and tissues takes place. From capillaries, blood flows into the vessels of the venous system, veins and venules, which carry blood back to the
To function mechanically as a pump, the heart must have: Receiving chambers ; atria Delivery chambers; ventricles Valves; ensure the one-way, or forward, flow of the blood
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
1. LOW RESISTANCE 2. LOW PRESSURE (25/10 mmHg)
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
1. HIGH RESISTANCE 2. HIGH PRESSURE (120/80 mmHg) PARALLEL SUBCIRCUITS UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW
CAPACITY VESSELS
Atrioventricular (AV) valves; between the atria and the ventricles: Right side: tricuspid valve Left side: bicuspid valve (mitral valve) Semilunar valves; separate the ventricles from their associated arteries. Right side: pulmonary valve Left side: aortic valve
When ventricles contract, the pressure within them increases substantially, creating a pressure gradient for blood flow from ventricles back into the atria where the pressure is very low.
When ventricles are stimulated to contract, the papillary muscles also contract, pulling downward on chordae tendinae In this way, the flaps of valves are not pushed open into the atria, but instead are held in place in the closed position. Blood is now forced to continue its forward progression and move from ventricles into their respective arteries
These valves prevent backward flow of blood from the pulmonary artery or the aorta into their preceding ventricles when the ventricles relax.
HEART SOUNDS
The closure of the valves causes the lub-
dub associated with the heart beat. first heart sound, or lub, occurs when the ventricles contract and AV valves close. second heart sound, or dub, occurs when the ventricles relax and the semilunar valves close.
Let it beat!