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Fingerprint Based Ignition

System
ARIJIT MITRA
SUNNY DUTTA
SUMIT KUMAR SHRIVASTAVA
NOOR HASSAN
Mentor: Prof Siladitya Sen
INDEX

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Biometric information is widely used these days in various security systems.
Fingerprints are the oldest and perhaps most widely used for biometric
identifications

Here we have chosen to focus on the use of fingerprints for vehicle ignition as
opposed to the use of conventional keys which are not that safe in this age
of modern technology


Block Diagram:









Introduction
System Blocks

1.Fingerprint Recognition Software

2.Hardware interface module

3.Ignition System Module
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Fingerprint

A fingerprint is the feature pattern of one finger . Each person has his
own fingerprints with the permanent uniqueness. So fingerprints have being
used for identification and forensic investigation for a long time



Fingerprint
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Fingerprint Classification








Left Loop
Right Loop
Whorl Arch Tented Arch
Delta
Pore
Minutia

However, shown by intensive research on fingerprint
recognition, fingerprints are not distinguished by their
ridges and furrows, but by Minutia
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Minutiae-Based Approach

Minutiae
terminations bifurcations





Ridge Valley


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Verification (AFAS) vs. Identification (AFIS)
Sensor
Minutia
Extractor
Minutiae
Matcher
System
Database
System Level Design
System
Database

Users
Magnetic
Card.
User
1:m Match
Identification
1:1 Match
Verification
User ID
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Algorithm Level Design
Thinning
Minutiae Marking
Remove False Minutiae
Minutia extraction
Preprocessing
Image Segmentation
Image Enhancement
Image Binarization
Post-processing
Minutia Extractor:
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Algorithm Level Design
Find Reference Minutia Pair
Affined Transform
Return Match Score
Minutia Matcher:
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Minutia Extractor- Segmentation

Block directional estimation
Foreground : have a dominant direction
Background : No global direction

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Fingerprint Image Segmentation
Ridge Flow Orientation Estimate
Edge detector: get gradient x (g
x
),gradient y (g
y
)
Estimate the according to:
tg2 = 2 sigma(g
x
*g
y
)/sigma(g
x
2
-g
y
2
)


Region of Interest
Morphological Method
Close + Open


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Fingerprint Image Segmentation
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Fingerprint Image Segmentation
Area
Close Open
ROI + Bound
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Fingerprint Image Enhancement
Histogram Equalization

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Fingerprint Image Enhancement
Fourier Transform

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Preprocessing - Enhancement
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Fingerprint Image Binarization
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Common Approaches:
Local Adaptation
gray value of each pixel g
if g > Mean(block gray value) , set g = 1;
Otherwise g = 0

Directly ridge Retrieval from Gray Image
get Ridge Maximums Implying binarization


Fingerprint Image Binarization
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Fingerprint Image Binarization
Directly ridge Retrieval
1.Estimate ridge direction D
2.Advance by a step length
3.Along the direction orthogonal to D
Return to ridge Center
4.go to 1
1.Block ridge flow orientation O
2.Get direction P orthogonal to O
3.Project block image to the lines along P
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Minutia extraction stage - Thinning
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Minutia extraction stage - Thinning
Morphological Approaches:
bwmorph(binaryImage,''thin'',Inf)

Parallel thinning algorithm:
1) 2=< N(p1) <= 6 T(p1) = 1
p2 * p4 * p6 = 0 p4 * p6 * p8 = 0
2) 2=< N(p1) <= 6 T(p1) = 1
p2 * p4 * p8 = 0 p2 * p6 * p8 = 0
N(p) sum of Neighbors
T(p) Transition sum from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0
P9 P2 P3
P8 P1 P4
P7 P6 P5
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Preprocessing Steps:
0 1 0
0 1 0
1 0 1
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
Bifurcation
Termination
Minutia extraction
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Minutia extraction
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Post-processing stage
False Minutia Remove:
Two disconnected terminations
short distance
Same/opposite direction flow
Two terminations at a ridge
are too close

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Post-processing stage
False Minutia Remove:
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Minutia Match
Minutia Representation:
M
n
( Position, Direction , Associate Ridge)

tg = (yp-y0)/(xp-x0);
Xp = sigma(xi)/Lpath;
Yp = sigma(yi)/Lpath;

ridge
Minutia
x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x
y
Lpath
Generally, ridge endings and bifurcations are consolidated
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Simple Relax Match Algorithm :
Minutia Match
1. For each pair of Minutia
2. Construct the Transform Matrix

TM =
cosu
sinu
0
sinu
cosu
0
0
0
1
|

\
|
|
|
.
x
y
u
xi_new
yi_new
ui_new
|

\
|
|
|
.
xi x ( )
yi y ( )
ui u
( )

(
(
(

=TM *
(x,y, )
u
(xi,yi, i)
u
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Simple Relax Match Algorithm :
Minutia Match
For any two minutia from different image,
If They are in a box with small length
And their direction has large consistence

They are Matched Minutia

Match Score =
Num(Matched Minutia)

Max(Num Of Minutia (image1,image2));

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Alignment based Algorithm :
Minutia Match
ridge
Minutia
x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x
y
Ridge information is used to
determine the goodness of a
reference Minutia pair
Ridge_direction
If two ridge are matched well
Continue use the
Relax Box Match Or
Use
String Match
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Fingerprint Verification
Performance Evaluation Index
FRR: False Rejection Rate
FRR = 2/total1

FAR: False Acceptance Rate
FAR = 3/total2


Total1 = m*(n+1)*n/2
Total2 = m*(m-1)/2
Same
Finger
Program
result (Yes/No)
Different
Finger
1 Yes
2 No
3 Yes
4 No
F10 F11 F12 F13 F1n
F20 F21 F22 F23 F2n
F30 F31 F32 F33 F3n
Fm0 Fm1 Fm2 Fm3 Fmn
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APPLICATIONS
FINGER PRINT WALLET
MOBILE
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DRAWBACKS