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Unit 2: Electronic Structure Part II: Ionisation Energy & Electron Affinity
Summary
Shell or the Principle Quantum number (n) 1 2 Number of subshells or the Angular Momentum number (l) 0 (s) 0 (s) Magnetic quantum number (ml)
Number Of orbitals Number of Electrons
0 0
1 1
2
2 6
2
3 3 3
1 (p)
0 (s) 1 (p) 2 (d)
-1, 0, +1
0 -1, 0, +1 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2
3
1 3 5
2
6 10 2 6 10 14
4
4 4 4
0 (s)
1 (p) 2 (d) 3 (f)
0
-1, 0, +1 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3
1
3 5 7
Question An atom or ion is said to be in excited state if the electronic configuration does not obey the Aufbau Principle
Electron configuration Excited Yes / No Correct Sequence
Ionisation Energy is a measure of energy remove required to __________ electrons from an atom. There are as many I.E. as there are electrons ________________ in an atom.
eg: Na has 11 electrons so it has 11 I.E that is 1st I.E, 2nd I.E., 3rd I.E and so forth..
2. Atomic radius larger The _____________the atom, the further is the outer shell electrons and weaker the _____________is the attractive force of the nucleus, so less energy is required. decrease =>I.E _____________down a Group in the Periodic Table 3. Shielding effect shield Lower energy level electrons ____________the outermost electron from the attractive force of the atomic nucleus decrease => I.E. _________________ down a Group in the Periodic Table
Na(g) Na+(g)
Na+(g) + e Na 2+ (g) + e
The stronger the pull of nucleus on the electron, the greater energy needed to pull it out of the atom. ________
Example 1
The successive I.E for removal of each electron from an oxygen atom
1310, 3400, 5300, 7500, 11000, 13000, 71300, 84100
There is a big increase in the energy required to remove six 7th the ________electron. The first _________electrons are removed from the second shell (2s and 2p). The 7th ___________electron is removed from the inner first shell (1s) => From values of I.E, we can predict that element is Group 6 in_____________
Example 2
The first eight successive I.E for an element are as follows:
790, 1600, 3200, 4400, 16100, 19800, 23800, 23800
(a) How many electrons are there in the outer shell of the element? (a) In which group in the Periodic Table does the element belong? (a) Write down the electronic configuration of the element
Just like IE, there is 1st EA, 2nd EA and so forth. Eg: Cl (g) + e Cl- (g)
Change in EA
negative First EA is usually _________ as energy is released when an electron is attracted ______________ to the nucleus. positive Second EA is always _________ as energy is required to overcome repulsion electrostatic ___________ and add negative ion. another electron to a _________