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Lecture notes 3
Force
Inertia
Newton’s laws of motion
Tension, Normal Reaction, Friction
and Weight
1 Force
Unit: newton, N
It can be measured by
spring balance.
2 Is a force needed to keep a body moving?
⇒ it seems that
a
force is
needed to
moving.
keep things
3 Inertia
Galileo’s law of Inertia
Inertia is the tendency of a body
to
maintain its state of rest
or of constant speed along a
straight line. flick off
e.g.
sharply
4 Newton’s first law of motion
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Every object
remains in a stateor uniform
speed
of restalong a straight line
unless acted on by a net
force. * net force = sum of
forces
F = constant × ma
a of an object is
directly proportional to & in same direction as F
inversely proportional to m
Example 1
weight
An upward force provided by the surface
acting perpendicular (normal) to the boy
Net force acting on the boy = 0
8 Normal reaction
No matter he stands at
A (a horizontal surface)
or
B (an inclined surface)
normal normal
reactio reactio
n n
bumps of
surfaces Likewise…
v v friction
friction
Applying F =
ma , W =
mg
10 Weight the pull of gravity
W=
mg
Taking g to be 10 m s−2,
the weight of a 1-kg mass is
W = 1 kg × 10 m s−
2
= 10 N
11 Newton’s third law of motion
Newton’s third law of motion states
that...
to every action there is an equal &
opposite reaction.
force on the
card by air
force on air F’’
by the card
F’’’