BY: HAMMAD KHALIL 1209341 ME-A

INTRODUCTION
It is the Indias first Public Sector Refinery as well as Indian Oils

first Refinery. One of the major leading crude oil refinery in the country. Responsible for refining the crude oil from Oil India limited/ONGC. Commissioned on 1st January1962 with Romanian assistance. Designed with 0.75MMTPA. Final products obtained are Motor Spirit,Kerosene,LPG,Diesel,Pertroleum coke. Utilities of Guwahati Refinery are Thermal Power Station(TPS),De-Mineralized Water Plant(DM),Crude Distillation Unit(CDU),Delayed Coker Unit(DCU),HGU.

HIGHLIGHTS
LPG production started in 1971. Effluent Treatment Plant started in 1976. Naphtha started from 1984. CDU revamped in 1986. DM plant installed in 1993. Hydrogen Generation Unit(HGU) and Hydrotreater Unit

(HDT) were commissioned in 2002. Motor Spirit Quality Upgradation(MSQU) was installed in 2010. It is the only refinery to produce green needle coke in India.

MECHANICAL WORKSHOP
Rotary section: deals with construction and

repairing of pumps. Valve section: used to stop and allow a fluid to flow through a pipeline. Machine section: used for finishing purposes and rectification of damaged parts. Welding section: use electricity or a flame so that metal melt and stick together.

INTRODUCTION OF PUMPS
Pump is the machine that lifts liquids, moves them from

place to place, pressurizes them for a number of task converting mechanical energy from a prime mover such a motor, turbine etc.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses rotating

impeller to increase the pressure of a fluid. Fluid enters the pump impeller to rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller. Flows radially outward into volute chamber(casing) from where it exits into downstream piping system. Used for large discharge through smaller heads.

(CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS)
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES

Centrifugal pump essentially consists of: Impeller Shaft with sleeve Casing ( Volute / diffuser) Support bearings & bearing housings Wear rings Pump sealing (gland packing / mech seal) Coupling Prime movers (Electric motor / turbines / engines) Main Parts are Impeller Volute casing

Working of a Centrifugal Pump

Impeller rotates exerting centrifugal force on the liquid Kinetic energy is created Centrifugal force throws the liquid out

Creating low pressure at the suction eye

This forces new liquid into the impeller inlet Liquid thrown out of the impeller is met with resistance to flow

TYPICAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

1. Suction 2. Impeller 3. Discharge 4. Stationary casing 5. Shaft 6. Mechanical Seal 7. Gland 8. Bearings

RECIPROCATING PUMP
WORKING PRINCIPLE In a reciprocating pump, a piston / plunger makes reciprocating motion inside a cylinder. The pump functions by sucking the fluid through suction valves into the cylinder during the backward stroke of the piston / plunger. The kinetic energy of the fluid is increased during the subsequent forward stroke of the piston / plunger. The fluid is then delivered to the high pressure discharge manifold when the desired pressure values (discharge pressure) are attained.

 CONSTRUCTION FEATURES

Reciprocating pump essentially consist of: Piston (with piston rings) / plunger Cylinder Cylinder head Suction & Discharge valves Stuffing box & gland packing connecting rod Crankshaft Distance piece Crank shaft bearings Suction & Discharge bottles with pulsation dampeners Prime movers (Electric motor / engines / turbines)

MECHANICAL SEALS
It is a type of seal utilized in rotating equipments, such as pumps and compressors. When a pump operates, the liquid could leak out of the pump between rotating shaft and stationary pump casing. Since the shaft rotates, preventing this leakage can be difficult. Earlier pump models used mechanical packing to seal the shaft. Mechanical seals have replaced packing in many applications.

THERMAL POWER STATION(TPS)

TPS is the heart of the Refinery and main successful

operation of the refinery. Guwahati Refinery is running with five boilers,three functional turbines and three compressors. It is a power plant in which prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated,turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electric generator does work like ship propulsion. After it passes through the turbine,the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated. It works on the Rankine cycle.

The boilers used in this plant are water tube types, Basic purpose of these boilers are to produce High Pressure(HP) steam,which runs the turbine. HP steam is converted into Middle pressure(MP) and Low pressure(LP). The plant capacity is 13MW. At the TPS of Guwahati Refinery,five water tube boilers are used. a)Boiler no. 3,4---Romanian Made(Capacity:20 tons per hour) b)Boiler no.5----IJT(Capacity:40 tons per hour) c)Boiler no.6,7---Thermax Made(Capacity:50tons per hour)

Pendant Superheater

Steam Drum

WATER TUBE BOILERS

Burners

Convection Bank

Gas Baffles Economiser

Water is circulated inside the tubes with the hot flue gases are on the

outside. Much higher pressures can be used because the tube diameter is very significantly smaller than the shell on a fire tube boiler. It cost more to build for a given steam output than do multi-tubular shell boilers.

CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT

Method of separating mixtures based on differences in their

volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. It is used when a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points need to be separated. Used to separate crude oil into more fractions for uses such as transport,power generating and heating. The liquid with lowest boiling point is distilled first,and with highest boiling point is distilled last. Products obtained from CDU: I. LPG II. Naphtha III. SKO IV. RCO CAPACITY: 0.75MMTPA TO 1.15MMTPA.

DELAYED COKER UNIT(DCU)

Process consist of heating a residual oil feed to its thermal

cracking temperature in a furnace with multiple passes. One of the unit processes used in oil refineries. Objective to convert low value residual products to lighter products of higher value and produce coke product. Products obtained from CDU: I. Coker LPG II. Coker Naphtha III. Coker SKO IV. Coker RCO Capacity: o.44MMTPA of RCO.

HYDROGEN GENERATION UNIT

Objective is to supply hydrogen to Hydro Treating

Unit(HDT) and ISOSIV unit. It divided into six units as: I. Feed treatment II. Pre reforming III. Reforming IV. Heat recovery V. Shift VI. Product recovery Operating conditions: Temperarure:860-870 Deg C Pressure:20-38kg/cm2

HYDRO-TREATING UNIT
It is a Catalytic chemical process. Used to remove sulphur from natural gas and refined

petroleum products. Purpose of removing sulphur to reduce sulphur dioxide used in vehicles,automotive. The catalyst used are Nickel or Cobalt. Operating conditions: Temperature :350-428 Deg C Pressure:80-93kg/cm2

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

Objective is to produce a disposable effluent without

causing harm to surrounding environment and prevent pollution. It has major functions: To recover free oil from oily influent. To remove coke fines from coke water. To store influent emergencies. A new effluent pumping system has been introduced to get the effluent dicharged.

DEMINERALIZED WATER
Process of removing mineral salts from water by ion

exchange process. Used when water is hard,temporary hardness or permanent hardness which affects the boiler results in formation of scales in boiler. Process of coagulation,sedimentation and filtration are used. For removing hardness, ion exchange process is used. By ion exchange process, minerals have been removed and get Demineralised water.

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