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0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
3.1 Network Basics
3.1.1 Network Topology
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1) Explain types of network topology
What Is a Topology?
A network topology refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network. It refers to both the physical and logical layout of a network.
Ring
Bus
Star
Physical Topology
The path that data travels between computers on a network is the logical topology.
Bus network
Star network
Ring network
Terminator
T-Connector
Backbone
Terminator
T-Connector
Backbone
If the device address does not match the intended address for the data, the device ignores the data.
If the data does match the device address, the data is accepted.
All devices receive the data but only the receiving device accept them.
Hub / Switch
Then second device passes the token and data to the third device, etc. until it comes back around to the first device again.
Only the device with the token is allowed to send data . All other devices must wait for the token to come to them.
1. The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only. 2. Cable faults are easily located, making troubleshooting easier. 3. The uses of token passing enables all devices in a ring topology to share the network resources fairly.
2. Data packets must pass through every computer therefore, this makes it slower. 3. A ring network can span a larger distance than a bus network, but it is more difficult to install.
SUMMARY:
BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION A bus network consists of a single central cable (backbone), to which all computers and other devices connect. ADVANTAGES Inexpensive and easy to install. DISADVANTAGES There might be disruption when computer or other devices are added or removed. The break in the main cable(backbone) will prevent all systems from accessing the network. It is difficult to identify the problem if the entire network Shut down.
Failure of one device usually does not affect the rest of the network.
SUMMARY:
STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES If the hub or switch fails, the entire network will be inoperabled.
All the computers and other devices on the network connect to a central device, thus forming a star.
SUMMARY:
RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY
DEFINITION ADVANTAGES Transmission of data is simple as packets travel in one direction only. DISADVANTAGES A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down entire network. Data packets must pass through every computer, thus make it slower.
On a ring network, a cable forms a closed loop (ring) with all computers and devices arranged along the ring.
EXERCISE:
1) Which of the following statements describe about network topology correctly ? A. Devices attached or detached at any point on the network. B. The failure of device on the network. C. Refers to the configuration of cables, computers and other peripherals. D. All of the above.
EXERCISE:
2) On a __________, all of the computers and devices on the network connect to a central device. A. Bus network.
B. Ring network.
C. Star network.
D. All of above.
EXERCISE:
3) On a star network, the central device that provides a common connection point for nodes on the Network is called the ____________.
A. Hub.
B. Personal computer.
C. Printer.
D. File server.
EXERCISE:
4) On a bus network, if one node fails ________.
A. Only that node is affected. B. Only the nodes before that node are affected. C. D. Only the nodes after that node are affected. All the nodes are affected.
EXERCISE:
The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only. 5) The statement above is correctly refer to the _________________. A. Bus network. B. Ring network. C. Star network. D. All of the above.