SALTS

SPM CHEMISTRY FORM 4

Testing and Identifying Halide Ions

Aim:To identify the conclusive chemical tests for Halide ions.

Chloride Cl-1;Bromide Br-1;Iodide I-1

Add about 2ml of aqueous chloride to a test tube

Add an equal volume of dilute HNO3

Add a few drops of silver (I) nitrate to the tube Pour half of the contents of the tube into a clean test tube

To the 1st tube add dilute ammonia until no further change To the second tube add CONC AMMONIA until there is no further change Do this in a fume cupborad Repeat with aqueous solutions of bromide and iodide

Results Table
Halide Ion

HNO3 then AgNO3

Action of dilute NH3 on Action of conc NH3 on product product

Cl-1
Br-1 I-1

White ppt
Cream ppt Yellow ppt

White ppt dissolves

White ppt dissolves

Cream ppt dissolves insoluble

Insoluble Insoluble

Ionic Equations for the reaction

Sodium chloride + Silver nitrate NaCl + AgNO3 Repeat for Sodium Bromide and Silver iodide as above

Sulphate SO42- and Sulphite SO32Place 2ml of aqueous sulphate in a test tube. Add a few drops of barium chloride Add 1ml of HCl Dilute and shake the mixture vigorously Leave the tube to stand

Repeat the experiment with a sample of aqueous sulphite do in fume cup board, Test the gas evolved with acidified dichromate paper

Results Table
Anions Action of BaCl2 followed by HCl

SO42-

White ppt of BaSO4 that does not redissolve in acid

Gas evolved with pungent odour SO2.. It turns acid dichromate paper from orange to green ( test for SO2)

SO32-

Carbonate CO32- and Hydrogen Carbonate HCO3-1

Add 1 ml of sodium carbonate to a test tube add a few drops of HCl Add a few drops of Barium chloride
Repeat the experiment with aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate Record the results in the table

Results
Anion CO32Reaction with HCl followed by Barium chloride Gas evolved CO2 White ppt formed Gas evolved CO2 No ppt formed

HCO3-1

Nitrate ion NO3-1

Place together in a test tube a small amount of sodium nitrate (V) and a piece of Al foil.
Add about 5ml of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution If no reaction takes place carefully warn the tube in a water bath Test the gas evolved using damp red litmus paper

Results table
Ion NO3-1 Observation Pungent gas evolved. Turns red litmus blue Alkaline gas Ammonia. Formed by the reduction of the nitrate ion.

Summary of results
Name of ion Chloride Bromide Iodide Formula Cl-1 Br-1 I-1 Test Acidified silver nitrate Solubility with ammonia Acidified silver nitrate Solubility with ammonia Acidified silver nitrate Solubility with ammonia Solution of barium chloride or nitrate.If ppt forms add dil HCl As above Result White ppt of AgCl soluble in dil NH3 Cream ppt of AgBr soluble in conc NH3 Yellow ppt of AgI insoluble in excess NH3 White ppt of BaSO4 insoluble in acid Gas evolved SO2.Test with dichromate paper turning from orange to green,

Sulphate (IV) Sulphite (VII)

SO42SO3-1

Summary of results(2)
Name of ion Formula Test Result

Carbonate CO32-

Dilute HCl followed by BaCl2 White ppt of BaCO3 formed and gas evolved Dilute HCl followed by BaCl2 Gas evolved No ppt. Add Al and dil NaOH Gas evolved turns red litmus blue alkaline gas NH3 from the reduction of NO2

Hydrogen carbonate Nitrate

HCO3-1 NO3-1

Name the Salt

An unknown salt is dissolved in distilled water to make an aqueous solution. Sodium hydroxide is added to the solution and a green precipitate is formed that dissolves in sodium hydroxide to form a dark green solution. When HCl is added to the solid a gas is evolved. When barium chloride is added to the solution a white ppt is formed Chromium (III) Carbonate Name the salt Write the chemical formula for this chemical
Cr2(CO3)3