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Mucopolyssacharidoses
Osteoporosis
Paget Disease
Renal Osteodystrophy
Disorders of bone mineralization
Osteomalacia
Occurs due to failure of mineralisation of osteoid,
due to vitamin D deficiency in adults.
It results in bone pain, micro factures of cortical plate
and trabecular bone.
The cortical microfractures are seen radiologically
and are known as ‘Looser’s zone’ and are most
common in the bones of the lower limbs.
Severe long-standing untreated osteomalacia results
in bowing of legs.
Causes: - Because of vitamin D deficiency, which is
required for mineralisation of the bones.
Vitamin D deficiency is due to
Inadequate dietary intake
Inadequate body synthesis of vitamin
Malabsorption due to intestinal diseases
Renal diseases
Disorders of bone mineralization
Renal osteodystrophy
Refers to metabolic and structural abnormalities of bone
caused by presence of chronic renal failure.
There are two main components to renal ostrodystrophy:
a) Osteomalacia of renal origin → due to failure of
conversion of 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 to the active
principle 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 in the kidney because
of tubular damage.
b) Secondary hyperparathyroid effects – secondary to low
calcium because of a combination of vitamin D deficiency,
excess calcium loss in urine and phosphate retention.
The bone in renal ostrodystrophy therefore shows
combination of secondary hyperparathyroid changes,
excessive bone erosion by osteoclasts and failure of
mineralisation of osteoid collagen
Chronic renal failure
Compression # Wedge #
Clinical features
Bone pain – back pain
Compression fracture of one of more
vertebral bodies
Overall loss of height because of
compressions of vertebrae
Kyphosis (bending of the spine
anterioposteriorly)
Fractures of neck of femur and wrists are
common complication following trivial injury
Metabolic bone disorders-II
Disorders of osteoclasts/ bone remodelling
Osteopetrosis
widespread, affecting
single bone.