Introduction to fluid power Difference between fluid transport system and fluid power system Hydraulics and Pneumatics-

two major branches of fluid power system Historical developments in Industries Advantages of fluid power system Drawbacks of fluid power system Applications of fluid power systems

Fluid power is the technology that deals with the use of pressurized fluid for
I. II. III. Generation Control Power Transmission

Fluid power is used to push, pull, regulate or drive virtually access the machines of modern industry. Examples- Power steering, power breaks, earth movers, harvest crops etc.

HydraulicsThe branch of fluid power when working fluid is a liquid is called as Hydraulics.
Oils such as petroleum oils, synthetic oils, water are working fluid in hydraulics

PneumaticsThe branch of fluid power when working fluid is a gas is called as Pneumatics.
Normally atmospheric air is used as working fluid.

What is the difference between fluid transport system and fluid power system? Fluid transport system objective is only delivery- e.g. pumping station Fluid power system is specially designed for perform a work

Elements of fluid power systemThree distinct stages in any fluid power circuit Power generation- Hydraulic pumps, compressors
Logic platform- Pressure, temperature, flow, direction control valves, intensifiers, accumulators etc Work to perform/ utilization of power- Hydraulic or Pneumatic cylinders, Hydraulic or pneumatic motors etc.

Other parts are pipe fittings, pipes, reservoir, filters, lubricators, indicators etc

Basic Elements of fluid power systemFour distinct stages in any fluid power circuitEnergy conversion elements(Pump, Compressor) Fluid energy storage elements(Accu mulator, reservoir) Fluid energy control elements (Valves) Energy conversion elements (Actuators)

Power generation- Hydraulic pumps, compressors

Logic platform- Pressure, temperature, flow, direction control valves, intensifiers, accumulators etc
Work to perform/ utilization of power- Hydraulic or Pneumatic cylinders, Hydraulic or pneumatic motors etc. Other parts are pipe fittings, pipes, reservoir, filters, lubricators, indicators etc

Advantages of fluid power Ease and accuracy of control Use of levers and push buttons. Constant force or torque- Regardless of speed change Simplicity- To design than mechanical power system. Safety- To design than electrical power system. Economy- Less pollution due to working media.

Drawbacks of fluid power Leakage- Impossible to eliminate. Heavy injury- High speed oil jets & flying pieces of metals in case of hydraulics also compressors & reservoirs are explosive if operated above designed pressure. Loud noise- From pumps. Fires on oil leaks- At hot regions of working. Note- If operation is within the designed limits system is very safe.

Applications of Fluid power systemI. II. Fluid power drives high wire overhead trams. Hydraulics power brush drives.

III. Fluid power is muscles in industrial lifts. IV. Fluid power as earth movers. V. Fluid power in Robot arms.

VI. Fluid power in automobiles- power breaks, power steering, power windows. VII. Fluid power in packaging industry. VIII. Fluid power in food industry.

Physical properties of hydraulic fluids Functions of hydraulic fluidA. B. C. D. Transmit the power Lubricate the moving parts Seal clearances between mating parts Dissipate heat

Required physical propertiesA. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Good lubricity Ideal viscosity Chemical stability Compatibility with system components High degree incompressibility Fire resistance Good heat transfer capacity Low density Non toxicity Low volatility

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Every power transmission system has some means or medium to convey power from its source to the application area. For Ex. Mechanical power transmission shafts, gears, belts etc. Here fluid is used only as a medium to carry energy(power).

Power transmission Lubrication Sealing Cooling

Petroleum based hydraulic fluids- paraffin base oil, gulf coast base oil etc. Water based hydraulic fluids
Water glycols(40% water) Water oil emulsion(35.40% water)

Synthetic hydraulic fluids- phosphate eather, chlorinate hydro-carbons