In last 25 years the use of probiotics strains in animal production has been

increased. These probiotics strains can modulate the balance and activities of the gastrointestinal microbiota in which are responsible to gut homeostasis. The intake of probiotics supplemented in ration and provided to the animals, can strongly affect the structure and activities of the gut microbial communities leading to promoting health and improving the performance in livestock, when it is impaired by numerous factors, such as dietary and management constraints.
Interest in feed additives continues to challenge farmers, consultants, feed

company nutritionists, and veterinarians. Also, profit margins vary as feed additives prices and feed costs shift yearly. Feed costs represent the largest input cost for animal producers. Feed additives are a group of feed ingredients that can cause a desired animal response in a non- nutrient role such as pH shift, growth, or metabolic modifier.

Antibiotics were used for decades, but are being banished from the zootechnical activity, mainly due to the risks posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can result in problems for animal and human health. e.g:The decreasing of ruminal microbiota can be

caused by antibiotics use.

Accordingly, probiotics have deserved attention from researchers seeking alternatives to the use of traditional growth promoters in the field of animal nutrition. Probiotics have also received special attention from researchers seeking animal nutrition alternatives to the use of traditional growth promoters (antibiotics). Therefore, the use of probiotics is being increasingly seen as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in animal production. Many scientific papers show the beneficial effects of supplementation with probiotics strains in diets for poultry, pigs, cattle and aquatics species. Probiotics have been incorporated through diet in order to maintain the balance of the intestinal flora of animals, preventing digestive tract diseases, improving the digestibility of feed, leading to increased use of nutrients and causing better zootechnical performance of animals.

 The intensive production farmed livestock together with the use of antimicrobial

feed supplements increase the risk of contracting gastrointestinal diseases if prophylactic antimicrobial feed supplements are not utilized. Some characteristics of intensive breeding are: High level of production all the year round, no resting of the facilities. Bio-security application. Accidental introduction of harmful bacteria, fungi and parasite. Application of all sort of chemical to combats these infections resulting from introduction of above organisms. Intensive management - both in the hatchery and outgrowing system. High stocking density - as much as 1000 heads per cubic meter in the hatchery and 350 heads in the on-growing.

 Diseases outbreaks are recognised as important constraints to animal

production and trade.

The development of antibiotic resistance has become a matter of growing

concern.
Environmentally friendly strategy to prevent and control diseases outbreak is

been sought after.

 What are Probiotics?

Probiotics are live microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the host by

modifying the microbial community associated with the host, by ensuring improved use of the feed or enhancing its nutritional value, by enhancing the host response towards diseases, or by improving the quality of its ambient environment.
The Global Probiotic Market was estimated at $24.23 billion in 2011 and is

expected to grow at 6.8% CAGR to 2017 (Dallas, Texas (PRWEB) February 11, 2013) .

 The Probiotics microorganisms most used belong to the group of Lactic Acid

Bacteria: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Weissella, Carnobacterium etc...

Bacillales: Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus etc... Yeasts: Saccharomyces, Debaryomyces etc...

 Strains

Concentration
Management used

The requirements that a probiotic organism must meet are:

Resistance to the acid stomach environment, bile and pancreatic enzymes; Accession to the cells of the intestinal mucosa; Capacity for colonization; Staying alive for a long period of time, during the transport, storage, so that

they can colonize the host efficiently; Production of antimicrobial substances against the pathogenic bacteria; Absence of translocation.

The use of probiotics in animal production does not need animal adaptation period, does not hinder the management on the farm because it can be supplemented to ration.
The use of Probiotics promotes the growth into gut before the establishment of pathogen in animals causing the prevention of diarrhea occurrence. This situation decreases the weaning time and maintains the balance of rumen microbiota increasing the production of enzymes as cellulase, amylase, urease, protease consequently improving the use fibrous foods. Others benefits to use probiotics in animal production are promote the increasing of weight gain, increasing the milk production and decreasing of diarrhea period.

The maturation of the humoral immune mechanisms can be conducted by microbial colonization, this event can promote the circulation of the IgA and IgM secreting cells. The other important factor that can be affected by microbial colonization on the gut of different animals are the balance of the different T helper subsets. Usually the positive effect against the colonization by pathogenic bacteria upon the gut occurs most efficiently in neonates than oldest.

Bacteria used as Probiotics are described as:

Competition for binding sites: also known as "competitive exclusion", where probiotics bacteria bind with the binding sites in the intestinal mucosa, forming a physical barrier, preventing the connection by pathogenic bacteria;
Production of antibacterial substances: probiotic bacteria synthesize compounds like hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins, which have antibacterial action, mainly in relation to pathogenic bacteria. They also produce organic acids that lower the environment's pH of the gastrointestinal tract, preventing the growth of various pathogens and development of certain species of Lactobacillus; Competition for nutrients: the lack of nutrients available that may be used by pathogenic bacteria is a limiting factor for their maintenance; Stimulation of immune system: some probiotics bacteria are directly linked to the stimulation of the immune response, by increasing the production of antibodies, activation of macrophages, T-cell proliferation and production of interferon.

These naturally occurring bacteria exert beneficial effects on the host by modifying the microbial community associated with the host. Ensuring improved use of the feed and enhancing its nutritional value. Enhancing the host response towards diseases. Improve the growth and survival rate, this is done by modifying the host associated or ambient microbial community. It is used to improve water quality by balancing pathogenic bacterial load. Greater resistance to infectious diseases Increased growth rate Improved feed conversion. Improved digestion. Better absorption of nutrients Provision of essential nutrients Improved milk yield Improved milk quality. Increased egg production. Improved egg quality Improved carcass quality and less contamination etc

 Probiotics

Function: Produce metabolic compounds that destroy undesirable organism, provide enzymes improving nutrient availability, or detoxify harmful metabolites.
Silage bacterial inoculants

Function: To stimulate silage fermentation, reduce dry matter loss, decrease ensiling temperature, increase feed digestibility, improve forage surface stability, and increase VFA (lactate) production.
Yeasts

Function: Stimulate fiber-digesting bacteria, stabilize rumen environment, and utilize lactic acid.
Enzymes

Function: Increase fiber digestibility by reducing fiber (cellulase and xylanase enzymes) and DM intake.

 Ruminant Health 1

Improve rumen environment and buffering capacity: promote microbial growth and metabolism, stabilize rumen PH value. Increase appetite, dry matter intake, FCR, reduce flatulence and enhance immunity. Reduce digestive system and metabolic diseases, promote estrus synchronization rate of firstborn cattle over 90%. Raise feed quality and enhance digestion and absorption rate. Improve production performance: milk quantity and quality production. Promote animal health: significant inhibitory effect of enteric pathogens.

Rumen Vigour

Improve rumen environment and buffer capacity, stabilize rumen pH value. Promote the growth of micro-organisms - Yeast and Probiotics somatomedins provide nutrients to rumen microorganisms, prompt their growth in number and vigour. Improve feed quality, promote absorptivity. Increase milk production and weight, enhance milk and meat quality. Boost immune system and health level, reduce bovine mastitis morbidity.

 SIB

Improve silage effect and ensure silage quality. Improve dry matter recovery rate by decreasing silage dry matter loss. Accelerate silage fermentation and reduce silage pH level. Improve silage taste.

A-Probiotics

Destroy Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma in milk, reduce subclinical mastitis incidence over 90%, calf diarrhea occurrence and improve dairy cows milk yield and quality. Strengthen immunity by reinforcing macrophage phagocytosis capacities and improve disease resistance. Promote digestion and absorption by increasing feed intake and reduce gastrointestinal diseases. Improve cowshed conditions by reducing odors and increase reproductive performance.

 E-Probiotics 151-Broilers

Establish, maintain and control broilers intestinal flora balance, inhibit pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, promote Bifidobacteria growth. Prevent broilers various coccidia and reduce to substitute anticoccidial drugs use in feed. Optimize intestinal multi-enzyme digestion system, promote nutrients digestion and absorption and feeds utilization. Promote broilers growth speed, increase weight and improve meat quality. Optimize ecological environment, reduce ammonia emission and other harmful gases.

E-Probiotics 123-Layers

Balance layers intestinal flora - inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. Improve immune functions - increase antibodies level in chickens blood and non-specific immunity, enhance vaccine protective efficacy, and stimulate the immune system. Improve layers weight and production performance - increase layers fertilization rate, hatchability (if used for a long term), prolong egg layers time and keep high laying rate. Improve feed overall value increase feed digestibility, reduce fecal contents and coarse particles. Reduce ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other poisonous and irritating gases concentration, and thereby limit a variety of animals respiratory diseases. Reduce oviduct inflammation and promote recovery, and nutrients absorption such as vitamins, calcium, and phosphorus. Use this product improve egg quality: eggshell thickness and shiny, less broken egg, color change, big and deep color egg yolk, thick egg white.

 S-Health804

Reduce animal disease incidence - Improve significantly intestinal micro-ecological environment, reduce pathogenic bacteria number such as E. coli, Salmonella, stimulate mucosal immune and non-specific immune response, promote mucosal immunoglobulin SlgA secretion, and increase the number and activity of phagocytes. Prevent immunosuppressive diseases occurrence. Improve significantly animal antioxidant capacity, enhance enzyme biological activity, promote T lymphocytes, NK cells proliferation, and improve immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, IgM and lasting high titer of antibodies. Improve feed conversion rate and reduce feed costs - the effect is particularly significant in the relatively low level of feed nutrition. Reduce ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other polluting gases concentration, and effective in a variety of respiratory diseases prevention of animals.

E-Probiotics 101

Improve intestinal tract micro flora and prevent drug resistant pathogenic bacteria and mixed infections. Enhance immune system by promoting Bifidobacteria growth and other beneficial bacteria. Increase feed conversion rate, promote growth, meat quality and over, production performance. Reduce niche pollution, ammonia concentration, and other polluting gases from 60 95% and prevent various respiratory system diseases.

 E-Probiotics 111

Enhanced immune function, regulate the balance of aquatic animals gut micro-flora. Inhibit growth and reproduction of varied kinds of harmful bacteria and promote the growth of nutritional and anti infective bacteria. Promote digestion and improve feed conversion rate. Promote growth, improve meat quality, reduce cholesterol levels and improve stress ability of animals. Improve water quality by reducing polluting and harmful substances like ammonia, nitrite etc and maintain water stability.

Yuge

Set up rapidly and optimally an intestinal beneficial bacteria system by preventing intestinal diseases; promote growth and increase output. Optimize immunity and ability to stress reaction; reduce diseases rate and improve significantly survival rate. Promote digestion and absorption by improving feed intake rate and supplying various biological enzymes. Adjust the breeding environment by reducing nitrous acid level, stress reaction and improving water quality. Promote growth, increase output

 Incorrect application methods.

Too low bacterial concentrations.

Poor bacterial stability during production and storage. Improper management of Probiotics. The use of fake Probiotics.