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DESCRIPTION:
A stroke or brain attack, formerly known as a cerebrovascular accident ( CVA) is a sudden focal neurological deficit caused by cerebrovascular disease. A stroke is a syndrome in which the cerebral circulation is interrupted, causing neurological deficits. Cerebral anoxia lasting longer than 10 minutes causes cerebral infarction with irreversible change. Cerebral edema and congestion cause further dysfunction Diagnosis is determined by a CT scan, electroencephalography, cerebral arteriography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The order in which function may return is facial swallowing, lower limb, speech, and arms. Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical intervention used in stroke management; it is targeted at stroke prevention, especially in clients with symtomatic carotid stenosis.
CAUSES
Thrombosis
Embolism
Hemorrhage from rupture of a vessel Transcient ischemic attack
RISK FACTORS:
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Anticoagulant Therapy Diabetes Mellitus Stress Obesity Oral Contraceptives
ASSESSMENT:
1. Assessment findings depending on the area of the brain affected.
Left-brain damage Paralyzed right side: hemiplegia Impaired speech/language aphasias Impaired right/left discrimination Slow performance, cautious Aware of deficits: depression, anxiety Impaired comprehension related to language, math
Spatial-perceptual defect
Tends to deny or minimize problems Rapid performance, short attention span Impulsive, Safety Problems Impaired judgement Impaired time concepts
2. Lesions in the cerebral hemisphere results in manifestations on the contralateral side, which is the side of the body opposite the stroke.
11. Ataxia
12. Dysarthria
13. Dysphagia 14. Speech Changes 15. Decreased sensation to pressure, heat, and cold 16. Bowel and bladder dysfunctions 17. Paralysis
APHASIA
1. Expressive a. Damage occurs in the brocas area of the frontal brain. b. Client understands what is said but is unable to communicate verbally. 2. Receptive
4. Suction secretions as prescribed, but never suction nasally for longer than 10 seconds to prevent increasing ICP.
5. Monitor for increasing ICP because the client is most at risk during the first 72 hours following the stroke. 6. Position the client on the side, with the head of the bed elevated 15 tp 30 degrees as prescribed. 7. Monitor level of consciousness , pupillary response, motor and sensory response, cranial nerve function and reflexes. 8. Maintain a quiet environment, and carry out minimal handling of the client to prevent further bleeding. 9. Insert a Foley catheter as prescribed. 10. Administer intravenous fluids as prescribed.
12. Prepare to administer anticoagulants, antiplatelets, diuretics, antihypertensives, and anticonvulsants as prescribed.
13. Establish a form of communication.
11. When the client is eating, position the client sitting in a chair or sitting up in a bed, with the head and neck positioned slightly forward and flexed. 12. Place food in the back of the mouth on the unaffected side to prevent trapping of food in the affected cheek.
b. Teach the client to touch and use both sides of the body.
2. Hemianopsia a. Client has blindness in half the visual field. b. Homonymous hemianopsia is blindness in the same visual field of both eyes.
c. Encourage the client to turn the head to scan the complete range of vision othewise,
he or she does not see half of the visual field. 3. Approach the client from the unaffected side. 4.Place the clients personal objects within the visual field.
THE END!
THANK YOU FOR WATCHING!
GOD BLESS!
HOPE YOU LEARN A LOT FROM MY REPORT. PRESENTED BY: JOEY RYAN P. LODIA PRESENTED TO: LUDIVINA MAGPALI DEAN, CON