AR102 Building Materials II

Ceramics
The technology and the art of making objects with clay and similar materials by treating with fire. Related discipline Ceramic engineering Different types of clay are used. Porcelain articles - Kaolin Related terminologies Earthenware clay products burnt at low temperatureordinary cooing pots and pans

Stoneware refractory clay in which large amount of ground stone and pottery is added- higher temperature to vitrification- stoneware jars.

Ceramics
Related terminologies.. Porcelain white transluscent strong ceramic- kaolin and feldspar with transparent glaze dinner plates, tea cups etc

Terracotta hard brownish unglazed vitrified ceramic material architectural ornamentation, artifacts etc. Glazing transparent or opaque glass like coating 0.1-0.2 mm thick. Glazing by oxides and salts of various metals Salt Glazing by adding salt into the kiln at right temperature Lead glazing by dipping a burnt ceramic in lead and then reheating Opaque glazing or enamelling articles to be glazed are burnt first and then dipped in a special mixture of borax, kaolin, colouring matter, feldspar etc and again fired. for sanitary wares.

Ceramics
Related terminologies..

Tiles
Common clay floor tiles thin, smooth and hard tiles mixture of ground glass and pottery may be added for strength the mixture extruded as slabs, put into moulds and pressed to desired shape and then fired to about 1300 degree C. Thickness 15-20mm. Clay terracing tiles not glazed. Should be burnt uniformly. Thickness 15-20mm.

Ceramics
Related terminologies.. Tiles.. Clay ceiling tiles usually placed on reepers or stuck to the ceiling.

Clay roofing tiles made of more plastic clay than used for bricks. Mangalore pattern tiles Half round country tiles (Spanish) Allahabad tiles (Italian)

Ceramics
Related terminologies.. Tiles.. Glazed ceramic tiles Body of the tile is made and fired to 1300 degree C. biscuits. These biscuits are coated with glaze, decorations etc and then again fired. Coloured enamel coating can be glassy or matt finish. Fully vitrified tile special clay is mixed with oxides and burnt to very high temperatures. Unlike ceramic tiles with a coating of glazing, these tiles are full body. Water absorption 0.5% Edges of the tile are ground again to have fine edges for close laying.

Ceramics
Related terminologies..
Tiles. Porcelain tiles Decorative but brittle in nature.

Considerations in choosing tiles

Water absorption varies from 10% by weight in ordinary clay tiles to 0.5% in vitrified tiles. Quality and thickness of glaze bright colours need a body with high expansion coeffecients. Wall and floor tile according to use & application

Aesthetics marble, granite look alikes etc

Cost according to the budget and standard of building

Ceramics

Clay Roof tiles

Mangalore pattern overlap with the lateral tile and lock with tile above or below. Size 410-425mm x 235-260mm Overlap length 60mm and width 25mm Two battern lugs and two eave lugs to fit into the adjacent tiles. Clay Half round tile laid in pairs as undertiles and overtiles.

Ceramics

Clay Roof tiles..

Allahabad tiles two types of bottom and top tiles. Bottom tiles are flat, tapered with upturned flanges and overtiles are half round and tapered.

PAN TILES

TILE ROOFING

PANTILES

Ceramics

Stoneware pipes
Salt glazed stone ware pipes used for underground drainage. Pipes are formed by high power extrusion from a thick mixture and then fired and salt glazed. Cheap and durable and hence used for lowcost buildings.