It is broad term , not a disease, that is applied

to indicate either structural or functional

disorder of one or more limb, that manifested
either in standing or movement state of the
animal & sometimes it is called) ) Claudication
.We must be broad minding
Mostly all types of lameness are due to skeletal disorders but if not
: found the cause , their may be due to
Traumatic cause. 2- Nervous disorders-1
Acquired & congenital anomalies. 4- Infection. 5- Obstetrical -3
.diseases
Metabolic disorders: ruminal impaction, Hypocalcaemia, chronic -6
Hypophosphatemia. 7- Season. 8- Circulatory
.disorders
It is one of the most common cause of
lameness & disability affecting horses &
also in cattle …
- There are some disease condition which
predispose the animal to laminitis,
however most of the cases are MAN-MAD
due to bad husbandry practices.
- Before we can hope to prevent or treat
laminitis . An understanding is needed of
- Two hard structures :
A- Horny hoof capsule B-
Pedal bonetogether by a soft
- Are held
layer
- Pedal. bone covered by
corium.
- Presence of pedal bone in
horny hoof capsule look like
presence of human
- The interlocking bet.leg in
Dermal
shoes.
laminae (sensitive) & epidermal
one (insensitive) to each other
as you slotting your fingers
together & this
-Soft tissue only means
(corium) of
is will
support of pedal
nourishment tobone within the
hoof..
corresponding
:There are- part of hard
structure.
Laminar corium. **
perioplic corium
Dermal corium. **
Epidermal corium
-The whole weight of the horse is transmitted down the
bone in the leg to the pedal bone at the bottom . The pedal
bone & thus the weight of the horse is suspended inside the
hoof capsule by the attachment between Dermal laminae &
Epidermal laminae.

•Via paired digital arteries .. One on

either side of the leg, emerges around
the back of the fetlock joint which is
the easiest place to take pulsation.

( Lateral & Medial digital

arteries )
•These 2 digital Ar. are goes down to
level of pastern joint & make
Anastomotic Arch at level of pastern
joint.
Blood supply of the
•Paired digital Ar. Enter from two
foot is directed in
opening at caudal aspect of pedal
1- Three flanges in
straight line.
2- Dorsal aspect of
pedal bone is equal
parallel to wall of hoof.
3- distance between
hoof & pedal bone all
the line equal.
4- no depression or
notch on coronary band.
-Interruption to normal blood flow to laminar corium which
are derived from their normal blood supply by two
mechanisms:
1- Vasoconstriction of arteries & veins.
2- Rapid shunting of arterial high pressure blood to venous
blood without following laminar corium.
-Severity of damage depend on :
1- Time of ischemia
2- Area of laminar corium which affected.
•Short time ischemia temporary damage occur
to soft tissue.
•Long time ischemia permanent damage occur
to soft tissue.
Mainly damage in internal lining of blood vessels ( tunica
intema )

Lead to gaping of blood vessel wall

Increase the permeability of the blood vessels

Fluid leaks out through these gaps

Increase high pressure in the foot

Also blood clots are formed inside damaged blood vessels

Permanent occlusion of blood vessels

 Lack of blood Lack of oxygenation of
supply cell
Sever Pain Affect end artery in
soft tissue

-Reperfusion again ( blood restored ) lead to pain it

indicate that laminitis not an inflammatory condition
Sever & long reduction in foot blood supply fail of
attachment between pedal bone & hoof capsule as these is
an insufficient area of healthy laminar corium left to support
pedal bone.
( Damage attachment bet. Dermal laminae & Epidermal
 Affected area of pedal bone is -
.front laminar corium
Weakened support of pedal
bone

Downward & backward

‫التشبيكة تفك شوية بشوية‬
movement

Stretching of dermal
& epidermal laminae
Pulled apart
1- Phalangeal axis is not straight line.
2- The pedal bone is not parallel to the hoof
capsule
3- By X-rays the angle is wider than normal &
5- Pedal bone keeps descending horny sole become
flattened or even convex
( when sole touch ground lead to SOLAR ULCER )
6- In sever cases the pedal bone may push right through the
horny sole SOLAR PROLAPSE

1- coronary papillae are bent to the heel

2- Pedal bone is no longer suspended but rested on solar
horn.
3- Pedal bone will be freely movable inside hoof capsule.
4- There is a depression at coronet.

1- Toe tend to elongated.

2- front wall become curved (curled)
3- rings on the wall parallel to coronet
4- Characteristic gait ( horse walking on his keel )
.Obesity / Over eating -1
Toxemia -2
.Mechanical / trauma -3
.Bad foot dressing -4
.Drug related cause -5
.Stress -6
.Pituitary cancer -7
.Drinking cold water -1
.Allergies -2
.Pregnancy -3
.Estrus -4
.Heat in the feet -5
.Standing in stream or cold housing -6
.Bleeding -7
Laminitis does not just affect the fore -8
.feet
: From the signs
1- Change in normal behavior.
2- Digital pulsation.
3- Pain on percussion on foot.
4- When both fore-feet are affected: bear weight on heel &
hind limb also advanced forward to support body wt.
5- When both hind-limb affected : the 4 feet will be under
abdomen.
6- when the 4 feet are affected : the hind-limbs will be under
the belly while the fore-one will be extended forward.
7- Characteristic gait : steps of animal are short-quick & walk
as if it is going on fire
8- painful on pressure on coronary band.
.Heat in the feet is not diagnostic for laminitis -10
.Sweating & belowing like colic or azoturia -11
.Reluctant to move -12
.Harried respiration, fever& increase pulse rate -13
Sinker: show -14flat footed & gait similar to that ofWobblers

: Depend on
1- Severity of the case. 2- Rotation angle.
3- Degree of ditch depression. 4- The state of sole.
5- Presence of notch.
Vary from favorable to guarded.
1- Pain-killer drugs
2- Vaso-dilators.
3- Anti-blood clotting.
4- Non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory.
5- Exercise .
6- Stabling & bedding.
Preventing dietary stress by providing ration high in roughage & -1
.low CHO
.Avoid stress of transportation, environment & exercise -2
Treatment early with mineral oil to block endotoxin uptake by the -3
.gu into the blood
Treatment of -4Acute Laminitis withα: -andrenogenic blocker as
Phenoxy benzamine -
( ( Rumpon – acetylpromazine Phenothiazinderivative : -
.Fluid replacement -
5- treatment of Laminitis with ( Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibitors )
by non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory :
- Flunixin meglumin (Fynadine) - Phenyl butazone
- Hetyle salcylate ( Asprin per-os or Aspagic )
6- administeration of (Heparin) early as possible
7- Supplementation of ( Potassium – Methionin –Cystien )
.Dorsal wall drilling -1
.Dorsal wall resection -2
.Cutting deep digital flexor tendon -3