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  • Loading Power Transformers Beyond Nameplate Ratings

    Încărcat de

    Hamayoun Murtaza
    219 vizualizări23 pagini
    This document discusses loading power transformers beyond their nameplate ratings using the IEEE C57.91-1995 standard. It provides an overview of normal, long-term emergency, and short-term emergency transformer load ratings as defined by the standard. It then introduces Ratron software, which simplifies the calculations needed to determine these various load ratings based on data from the transformer nameplate and test reports. Using Ratron, utilities can establish rating philosophies and better utilize their transformer fleets while staying within the guidelines of the IEEE standard.

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    Power Transformer

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    Loading Power Transformers Beyond Nameplate Ratings(1)

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    This document discusses loading power transformers beyond their nameplate ratings using the IEEE C57.91-1995 standard. It provides an overview of normal, long-term emergency, and short-term emergency transformer load ratings as defined by the standard. It then introduces Ratron software, which simplifies the calculations needed to determine these various load ratings based on data from the transformer nameplate and test reports. Using Ratron, utilities can establish rating philosophies and better utilize their transformer fleets while staying within the guidelines of the IEEE standard.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    219 vizualizări23 pagini

    Loading Power Transformers Beyond Nameplate Ratings

    Încărcat de

    Hamayoun Murtaza
    This document discusses loading power transformers beyond their nameplate ratings using the IEEE C57.91-1995 standard. It provides an overview of normal, long-term emergency, and short-term emergency transformer load ratings as defined by the standard. It then introduces Ratron software, which simplifies the calculations needed to determine these various load ratings based on data from the transformer nameplate and test reports. Using Ratron, utilities can establish rating philosophies and better utilize their transformer fleets while staying within the guidelines of the IEEE standard.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 23

    Loading Transformers Beyond Nameplate Rating

    Ratron

    Outline Background IEEE C57.91-1995 Calculations Benefits and Applications Conclusions

    Background
    Most utilities limit their transformers to nameplate ratings Emergency ratings do not exist Usually a rating philosophy is not in place Settings of overload relays is inaccurate Dispatchers reroute loads or load shed costumers

    IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immerse transformers (Std C57.91-1995)


    Transformers can be loaded beyond nameplate ratings during critical conditions and peak hours Offers a method to calculate continuous, long term emergency and short term emergency ratings Offers a method to calculate the loss of life of the transformer

    Using the IEEE C57.91 standard to calculate:


    Normal loading Long term emergency Short term emergency Loss of life

    Normal Life expectancy loading


    This results when the transformer is operated continuously at a hottest spot conductor temperature of 110 deg C The standard allows a maximum temperature of 120 deg C only if the transformer has operated below 110 deg C for longer periods of time

    Planned Loading Beyond Nameplate Rating


    Transformers that do not work at a continuous temperature of 110 deg C, can be loaded to a maximum temperature of 120-130 deg Loss of insulation life should be considered on the length of time at this temperature

    Long Term Emergency Loading


    During contingency conditions, transformers hottest spot conductor temperature can reach 120-140 deg C Time will depend on loss of life It is expected that such occurrences happen only 2-3 times during the life of the transformer

    Short Term Emergency Loadings


    During second or third contingency problems, the transformer can be allowed to reach a maximum hot-spot conductor temperature of 180 deg C Maximum time of 2-3 hours and an occurrence of once or twice during the life of the transformer

    Calculations with Ratron:


    Using the standard to calculate transformer ratings can be time consuming and difficult Ratron makes it easier for the user to input data he is familiar with and data that is available to him

    Data Required
    Top-Oil temperature rise above ambient (test report) Winding average temperature above ambient (nameplate 65 or 55deg C) (nameplate) Tank radiator oil capacity (nameplate) Tank and fittings weight (nameplate) Cooling mode (FOA,OA, FA) (nameplate) Load and no load losses (test report)

    Input Tab

    Results

    The Grid Tab

    Here you can edit load profile and ambient temperature

    Graphical tab

    Benefits and Applications


    Transmission Planning
    Apply transformer emergency ratings for power flow and contingency analysis

    Real time operations


    Prepare dispatching centers with emergency ratings until they mitigate power failures

    Relay settings
    Set overload relay settings based on the calculated emergency ratings of the transformer

    Benefits and Applications


    When two transformers are in parallel, emergency ratings can help you know how much the other transformer can be overloaded.

    Rating Philosophies
    Ratron offers an easy way to create transformer rating philosophies

    NERC compliance
    Ratron allows you to back up your methodology and gets you ready for NERC auditing

    Conclusions:
    Applying over-nameplate ratings can be very beneficial for the reliability of the power system Utilities can use over-nameplate ratings until new transformer arrives Please contact us as we also provided consulting services on this specific subject

    Please visit our website for more information www.synchrogrid.com

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