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In this subtopic, you should be able to: -State why organisms have to be sensitive to changes in the external & internal environment. -Clarify through examples the meaning of stimulus and response. -State the main components & pathways involved in detecting and responding to changes in the external & internal environment. -Clarify through examples the meaning of coordination.
The part of the body that makes responses = EFFECTOR. But, why, do you think that living organisms need to respond to stimuli??
To ensure survival. To fight against infection. For normal functioning of enzymes and body cells.
The process by which the stimuli are detected, eventually results in appropriate responses.
RESPONSE
After detecting a stimulus, receptor will send out a signal = NERVE IMPULSE, in the form of electric charges. Coordination ensures that the activities of an organism function as an integrated whole. COORDINATION = the regulation and control of activities of various parts of body so that the organism can function as an entity.
Types of receptors
Thermoreceptor Osmoreceptor Chemoreceptor
Location of receptors
In the hypothalamus In the hypothalamus In the medulla oblongata, wall of aorta & carotid artery In the pancreas In the wall of heart & certain arteries
Chemoreceptor Baroreceptor
Efferent pathway
Integrating centre effectors Through efferent neurons Effectors will then proceed to response.
External Pathway
Internal Pathway
The regulation of changes in the internal environment is called HOMEOSTASIS, which involves negative feedback mechanisms. When there is a change in the internal environment, body will respond by producing a corrective mechanism in the opposite direction.
Exercise!!!
Science process skills
Page 37 (no.1 & 2)
Text book
Checkpoint 3.1
Conclusion
- Why organisms have to be sensitive to changes in the external & internal environment? - Gives examples from the meaning of stimulus and response. - What are the main components & pathways involved in detecting and responding to changes in the external & internal environment? - Gives example from the meaning of coordination.