CNAP Semester 3: Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing

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Module 1 Introduction

to
Classless Routing

Cisco Regional Networking Academy

mailto: info@saigonctt.com
1

Version 3.0

Objectives
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Define VLSM and briefly describe the reasons for its use Divide a major network into subnets of different sizes using VLSM Define route aggregation and summarization as they relate to VLSM Configure a router using VLSM Identify the key features of RIP v1 and RIP v2 Identify the important differences between RIP v1 and RIP v2 Configure RIP v2 Verify and troubleshoot RIP v2 operation Configure default routes using the ip route and ip defaultnetwork commands

Table of Content
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1 2

VLSM RIP version 2

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VLSM

Issues with IP Addressing

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Internet
UNIVERSIT Y

IP addressing crisis As early as 1992, the IETF identified two specific concerns: IP address exhaustion Routing table growth

IP Addressing Solutions
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Short term to extension to IPv4

Subneting masking: RFCs 950, 1812 Variable-length subnet masks: RFC 1812 Classless interdomain routing: RFCs 1518, 1519, 2050 Address allocation for private Internets: RFC 1918 Network Address Translation: RFC 1631 Route summarization: RFC 1518

Ultimate solution: IPv6 128-bit address space

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 What is VLSM ?
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172.16.14.32/27
A

172.16.14. 64/27
B HQ HQ

172.16.0.0/16

172.16.14.96/27
C

Subnet 172.16.14.0/24 is divided into smaller subnets (Sub-subnet): Subnet with one mask at first (/27) Further subnet one of these subnets not used elsewhere (/30)

 VLSM is supported
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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).

Integrated Intermediate System to Intermediate System (Integrated IS-IS).

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).

RIP v2.

Static routing.

A waste of space
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When to use VLSM?

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Calculating subnets with VLSM

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Calculating subnets with VLSM (2)

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Derived from the 172.16.32.0/20 Subnet 172.16.33.0/30

172.16.32.0/26

172.16.33.4/30

172.16.32.64/26

172.16.33.8/30

172.16.32.128/26

Derived from the 172.16.33.0/26 Subnet 30-Bit Mask (2 Hosts)

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172.16.33.12/30

172.16.32.192/26 26-Bit Mask (62 Hosts)

Exercise Calculating subnets with VLSM

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Using VLSMs, define appropriate subnets for addressing the networks using 192.168.10.0/24.
KL 28 Hosts

Perth

Sydney

Singapore

60 Hosts
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12 Hosts

12 Hosts

Exercise Calculating subnets with VLSM

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192.168.10.0/24 KL

192.168.10.64/27 28 Hosts

192.168.10.128/30

192.168.10.132/30

192.168.10.136/30

Perth
192.168.10.0/26

Sydney
192.168.10.96/28

Singapore

192.168.10.112/28

60 Hosts
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12 Hosts

12 Hosts

Route aggregation with VLSM

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192.168.48.0/24 192.168.49.0/24 192.168.50.0/24 192.168.51.0/24

Perth

192.168.52.0/24 192.168.53.0/24 192.168.54.0/24 192.168.55.0/24

192.168.48.0/22

Sydney
192.168.52.0/22

KL

Upstream Upstream provider provider

192.168.56.0/24 192.168.57.0/24 192.168.63.0/24

Singapore

Route summarization reduces routing table size by aggregating routes to multiple networks into one supernet

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Route summarization example

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Configuring VLSM
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192.168.10.0/24 KL

192.168.10.64/27 S0 10.137 28 Hosts

192.168.10.128/30

192.168.10.136/30 192.168.10.132/30

S0 10.137 Perth
192.168.10.0/26

Sydney
192.168.10.96/28

Singapore

192.168.10.112/28

60 Hosts
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12 Hosts

12 Hosts

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RIP Version 2

RIP v1: Characteristics

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IGP protocol, is classful routing. It is a distance vector protocol that uses a hop count metric. The maximum number of hops is 15.

By default, routing updates are broadcast every 30 seconds.

The router applies the one subnet mask that is configured on the receiving interface to receive network information. Load balancing over as many as six equal-cost paths, with four paths as the default.

RIP v1: Limitations

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It does not send subnet mask information in its updates. It sends updates as broadcasts on 255.255.255.255. It does not support authentication. It is not able to support VLSM or classless interdomain routing (CIDR).

RIP v1: Configuration

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NOTE:
Subnets will be understood as major network
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RIP v2 features
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Send out subnet mask information with the route update.

Support VLSM or classless interdomain routing (CIDR).

Provides for authentication in its updates. Provides Multicast routing updates, using the Class D address 224.0.0.9. Use external route tags Routing update is includes a next-hop route ip address.

Comparing RIP v1 and v2

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RIP v1 Easy to configure.

RIP v2 Easy to configure. Supports use classless routing

Only supports classful routing protocol

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Send subnet information with No subnet information with routing updates. routing update. Support prefix routing Does not support prefix different subnets within the routing all the devices in same network can have the same network must use different subnet masks. same subnet mask. Provides for authentication in No authentication in its updates. updates Provides multicast routing updates

RIP v2: Configuration

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150.100.2.0/24

150.100.4.0/24 Kuala Lumpur

150.100.3.0/24

Bangkok

router rip version 2 network 150.100.0.0

router rip version 2 network 150.100.0.0

NOTE:
Assigning IP network numbers without specifying subnet values
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Verifying RIP v2 : SHOW IP PROTOCOLS

The Saigon CTT 172.16.1.0 192.168.1.0

A
172.16.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2

10.2.2.2

10.2.2.3

B
192.168.1.1

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Verifying RIP v2: SHOW IP ROUTE

The Saigon CTT 172.16.1.0 192.168.1.0

A
172.16.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2

10.2.2.2

10.2.2.3

B
192.168.1.1

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Troubleshooting RIP v2 : DEBUG IP RIP

The Saigon CTT 172.16.1.0 192.168.1.0

A
172.16.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2

10.2.2.2

10.2.2.3

B
192.168.1.1

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Default routes
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Internet Internet

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Summary
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VLSM and the reasons for its use Subnetting networks of different sizes using VLSM Route aggregation and summarization as they

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relate to VLSM Router configuration using VLSM Key features of RIP v1 and RIP v2 Important differences between RIP v1 and RIP v2 Configuration of RIP v2 Verifying and troubleshooting RIP v2 operation Configuring default routes using the ip route and ip default-network commands

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Q&A

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