BALANCING RESERVOIR

PRESENTED BYYOGESH KUMAR ENROLL. NO-12512030 M.TECH(AHES)

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Introduction Reservoir and its types. -Service reservoir -Balancing Reservoir Purpose of Balancing Reservoir. Dependency of Balancing Reservoir. How to fix capacity of Balancing Reservoir. Mass Curve Method. Steps required for Mass Curve MethoD Examples for Mass Curve Method. Precautions needed during construction of Balancing Reservoir. Conclusion.

Reservoir are the most important and expensive elements in any hydro power plant.

So, one needs to optimize its design (or capacity) carefully , to avoid the future problems.

Service ReservoirWhen supply from the source is not continuous for all the 24 hours ,then supply from the source is stored in a storage reservoir (whenever it is available) and then supplied to the consumers according to the schedule.

Balancing ReservoirWhen the supply from the source is continuous for all the 24 hours, then during the lean demand period excess supply from the source is stored in the storage reservoir and during peak demand period , water from this source as well as from the storage reservoir is used to meet the required demand.

The quantity of water required to be stored in the reservoir for equalising or balancing fluctuating demand against constant supply is known as the balancing reservoir.

The main purpose is to store the water during off peak hours to supply the same during peak hours and so meeting variable power demand.

Water Supply Fluctuation - Seasonal fluctuation

Demand Fluctuation -Seasonal -Daily -Hourly Effect of flow fluctuations on system design -Size of balancing reservoirs

 Variable

supply Variable demand Analyze historic record to search for worst case conditions Use same Mass Balance analysis Include variable demand analysis
It

must be designed for daily or hourly fluctuations.

Prepare mass inflow curve: - for all 24 hours for typical days.

(maximum , average and minimum)

Prepare mass curve for demand accordingly. Superimpose both curve on the same scale.

Take the max difference between demand and supply discharge as the capacity of the balancing reservoir

Available discharge (during lean season) = 5 m^3/s Available Head = 110m Overall Efficiency = 0.8 Demand Required:Hours (Demand) Load (MW)

0-8
8-10 10-15 15-21 21-24

1
2 5 10 1.2

Hour

(Demand) Load (MW) 1

Discharge (m3/s)

Discharge (m3)

Cumulative demand discharge (m3) 33350

0-8

1.158

33350

8-10

2.32

16680

50030

10-15

5.80

104400

154430

15-21

10

11.58

250210

404640

21-24

1.2

1.4

15120

419760

Available discharge (during lean season) i.e.

Hour(hr) Available discharge(m3) 144000 36000 90000 108000 54000

= 5 m^3/s = 18000m^3/hr
Cumulative demand(m3) 33350 50030 154430 404640 419760

Cumulative available discharge(m3) 144000 180000 270000 378000 432000

0-8 8-10 10-15 15-21 21-24

450000

Determination of reservoir capacity

400000

DISCHARGE VOLUME (m3)

350000

300000

250000

CUMULATIVE DEMAND (m3)

200000

150000

100000

AVAILABLE CUMULATIVE DISCHARGE (m3)

50000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

TIME (HOURS)

Calculation for Reservoir Capacity

From the table , during 8-10 hours , Required Demand = 50030 cubic meter

But, actual available

Therefore ,

= 180000 cubic meter

required reservoir volume = 180000 - 50030

= 129970 cubic meter

Inner surface of Balancing Reservoir being in contact with water should be lined to prevent seepage loss.

Spilling arrangements should be there.

Some preventive measures in form of excluder and desilting chamber are used to avoid the problem of silt .

Location of balancing reservoir.

Used in isolated type hydro power plant.

Capacity(or size) of balancing reservoir depends on : -variable supply and variable demand.

But economic comparison is also necessary to determine optimum storage capacity by adding cost of reservoirs and pipelines.

http://www.thewatertreatments.com/water/servicereservoirs-function-type-volume http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IITKANPUR/wasteWater/Lecture%2014.htm http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IITKANPUR/wasteWater/mass%20curve%20method.htm o5-reservoirs:http://www.slidefinder.net/r/reservoirs_balancing_supply_d emand/23826463 Irrigation and water power engineering(B.C.Punmia & P.B.Basi Lal).

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