Iec61375 3 MVB

Train Communication Network IEC 61375 - 3 Multifunction Vehicle Bus
This is the vehicle bus standardized in IEC 61375 for interconnecting rail vehicles
Introduction
IEC Train Communication Network

Multifunction Vehicle Bus
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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Outline 1. Applications in rail vehicles 2. Physical layer 1. Electrical RS 485 2. Middle-Distance 3. Fibre Optics 3. Device Classes 4. Frames and Telegrams 5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept 8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary IEC Train Communication Network
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
Multifunction Vehicle Bus in Locomotives standard communication interface for all kind of on-board equipment
radio
diagnosis
power line
cockpit Train Bus
Vehicle Bus
brakes data rate delay medium number of stations status

power electronics
motor control
track signals
1'500'000 bits/second 0,001 second twisted wire pair, optical fibres up to 255 programmable stations up to 4095 simple sensors/actuators > 600 vehicles in service in 1998
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
Multifunction Vehicle Bus in Coaches passenger information
doors
light
Train Bus
Vehicle Bus air conditioning seat reservation power brakes
covered distance:
> 50 m for a 26 m long vehicle < 200 m for a train set
diagnostics and passenger information require relatively long, but infrequent messages IEC Train Communication Network
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Physical Media
OGF EMD ESD
optical fibres shielded, twisted wires with transformer coupling wires or backplane with or without galvanic isolation
(2000 m) (200 m) (20 m)
Media are directly connected by repeaters (signal regenerators) All media operate at the same speed of 1,5 Mbit/s.
devices star coupler
optical links rack optical links rack twisted wire segment sensors

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Covered Distance The MVB can span several vehicles in a multiple unit train configuration:
Train Bus
node repeater
MVB
devices
devices with short distance bus
The number of devices under this configuration amounts to 4095.

MVB can serve as a train bus in trains with fixed configuration, up to a distance of: > 200 m (EMD medium or ESD with galvanic isolation) or > 2000 m (OGF medium).

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Topography
Bus Administrator
Node
EMD Segment
Train Bus
Device
Device
Device
Device
Terminator ESD Segment section Repeater

Device Device Device
Repeater
OGL link Repeater ESD Segment

Device Device Device Device
all MVB media operate at same speed, segments are connected by repeaters.
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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Outline 1. Applications in vehicles 2. Physical layer 1. ESD (Electrical, RS 485) 2. EMD (Transformer-coupled) 3. OGF (Optical Glass Fibres) 3. Device Classes 4. Frames and Telegrams 5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept 8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary IEC Train Communication Network
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ESD (Electrical Short Distance) RS485 Interconnects devices over short distances ( 20m) without galvanic separation Based on proven RS-485 technology (Profibus) Main application: connect devices within the same cabinet.
device 1 terminator/ biasing +5V Ru (390) Rm (150 ) Rd (390 ) GND
Data_P equipotential line Bus_GND
TxS RxS
device 2.. n-1 TxS RxS
device N TxS RxS
terminator/ biasing
+5V Ru (390) Rm (150 )
Data_N
Rd (390 )
segment length

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
ESD Device with Galvanic Isolation

shield connected to connector casing optocouplers
protection circui t +5V RS 485 transcei ve r
galvanic barrier
RxS
RxS'
male
TxS
TxS' TxF'
protective earth
+5V el
0V el
TxF
femal e
+Vcc
Data GND
powe r
cable
shield connected to connector casing device cas ing connected to supply ground DC/DC converter

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
ESD Connector for Double-Line Attachment

A.Bus_GND
B.Bus_GND B.Bus_5V A.Bus_5V 4 3 A.Data_N A.Data_P B.Data_P B.Data_N
reserved (optional TxE)
1 male
1 female
Line_A
Line_A
Line_B
cable
Line_A Line_B
Line_B
Line_A Line_B
10
cable

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
1999 September, HK
EMD (Electrical Medium Distance) - Single Line Attachment

Connects up to 32 devices over distances of 200 m. Transformer coupling to provide a low cost, high immunity galvanic isolation. Standard 120 Ohm cable, IEC 1158-2 line transceivers can be used. 2 x 9-pin Sub-D connector Main application: street-car and mass transit
device
bus controller transceiver transformer
shield
bus section 1
bus section 2
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
EMD Device with Double Line Attachment device

Bus_Controller
transceiver A
A.Data_P A.Data_N B.Data_P B.Data_N
transceiver B
Connector_1
A1
1
B1
B2
A2
1
Connector_2
A1. Data_P A1. Data_N
B1. Data_P B1. Data_N
B2. Data_N B2. Data_P
A1. Data_N A1. Data_P
Line_A Line_B
Line_A Line_B
Carrying both redundant lines in the same cable eases installation it does not cause unconsidered common mode failures in the locomotive environment (most probable faults are driver damage and bad contact) IEC Train Communication Network
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EMD Connectors for Double-Line Attachment

Conn ector_1 (male) Zt.A male 1 A1. Data_ P Li ne_A 2 A1. Data_ N 3 4 B1. Data_ P 5 B1.Data_N Li ne_B
cable
Line_A
A.Term_P A.Term_N
6 7 8 9
terminator connector
5 9 4
shields contacts case

3
8 7
Line_B
B.Term_N B.Term_P
9 8 7 6
5 B1.Data_N 4 B1. Data_ P
Li ne_B
2 6
1
3 2 A1. Data_ N Li ne_A 1 A1. Data_ P
Zt.B
femal e
Conn ector_1 (femal e)

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EMD Shield Grounding Concept
device
device inter-section connectors
device
terminator shield possible s hield discontinuity device ground device ground inter-device impedance
terminator
inter-device impedance
Shields are connected directly to the device case Device cases should be connected to ground whenever feasible

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OGF (Optical Glass Fibre) Covers up to 2000 m Proven 240m silica clad fibre Main application: locomotive and critical EMC environment
Star Coupler
wired-or electrical media opto-electrical transceiver
to other device or star coupler
to other device or star coupler
fibre pair
Rack
ESD segment
device
device
device
device
device
device

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
OGF to ESD adapter

MVBC
RxDA TxD TxE RxDB
A.Data_P
A.Data_P
A.5V A.0V
B.5V B.0V
RS-485 transceiver
fibre-optical transceivers
to sta r coupler A to sta r coupler B
from star couple r A
from star couple r B
Double-line ESD devices can be connected to fibre-optical links by adapters IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Repeater: the Key Element A repeater is used at a transition from one medium to another.
bus administrator slave slave slave slave (redundant) bus administrator
repeater
decoder encoder
ESD segment (RS 485)
EMD segment (transformer-coupled)
decoder
encoder
The repeater:
decodes and reshapes the signal (knowing its shape) recognizes the transmission direction and forward the frame detects and propagates collisions

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duplicated segment Line_A Line_B
MVB Repeater
repeater decoder encoder decoder
direction recogniser
decoder encoder decoder
Line_A (single-thread optical link)
Line_B (unused for singlethread)
recognize the transmission direction and forward the frame decode and reshape the signal (using a priori knowledge about ist shape) jabber-halt circuit to isolate faulty segments detect and propagate collisions increase the inter-frame spacing to avoid overlap can be used with all three media appends the end delimiter in the direction fibre to transformer, remove it the opposite way handles redundancy (transition between single-thread and double-thread) IEC 61375 Clause 3 19 IEC Train Communication Network
1999 September, HK
MVB Outline
1. Applications in vehicles 2. Physical layer

1. Electrical RS 485 2. Middle-Distance 3. Fibre Optics 3. Device Classes 4. Frames and Telegrams 5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept 8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Class 1 Device A B bus controller
board bus analog or binary input/ output
MVB redundant bus pairs (ESD)
RS 485 drivers/ receivers
device address register device status
(monomaster)
Class 1 or field devices are simple connections to sensors or actuators. They do not require a micro-controller. They do not participate in message data communication. The Bus Controller manages both the input/output and the bus.
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MVB Class 2-3 Device A B private RAM traffic store MVB redundant bus pairs (ESD)
RS 485 drivers/ receivers
application processor
EPROM
Bus Controller shared local RAM device status
local input/ output
Class 2 and higher devices have a processor and may exchange messages. Class 2 devices are configurable I/O devices (but not programmable) The Bus Controller communicates with the Application Processor through a shared memory, the traffic store, which holds typically 256 ports. IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Class 4-5 Device
Class 4 devices present the functionality of a Programming and Test station Class 4 devices are capable of becoming Bus Administrators. To this effect, they hold additional hardware to read the device status of the other devices and to supervise the configuration. They also have a large number of ports, so they can supervise the process data transmission of any other device. Class 5 devices are gateways with several link layers (one or more MVB, WTB).
The device classes are distinguished by their hardware structure.

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MVBC - bus controller ASIC

duplicated electrical or optical transmitters A Manchester and CRC encoder 12 bit device address
CPU parallel bus to traffic store
16x16 Tx buffer
Clock, Main Timers & Control Sink Time Unit Supervision
A19..1
address
B
A
JTAG interface
D15..0
16x16 Rx buffer
data
DUAL Manchester and CRC decoders B duplicated electrical or optical receivers
Class 1 logic
Traffic Store Control & Arbiter
control
Automatic frame generation and analysis Adjustable reply time-out Up to 4096 ports for process data 16KByte.. 1MByte traffic store Freshness supervision for process data In Class 1 mode: up to 16 ports Bit-wise forcing Time and synchronization port
Bus administrator functions Bookkeeping of communication errors Hardware queueing for message data Supports 8 and 16-bit processors Supports big and lirttle endians 24 MHz clock rate HCMOS 0.8 m technology 100 pin QFP IEC 61375 Clause 3

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MVB Bus Interface The interface between the bus and the application is a shared memory, the Traffic Memory , where Process Data are directly accessible to the application.
Application processor Traffic Store
0..4095 Logical Ports (256 typical) for Process data
process data base
6 bus management ports
8 physical ports
messages packets and bus supervision
bus controller
2 message ports
MVB IEC Train Communication Network

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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Outline
1. Electrical RS 485 2. Middle-Distance 3. Fibre Optics

3. Device Classes 4. Frames and Telegrams 5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept
8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary

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MVB Manchester Encoding
data clock frame
110 100010 111110 1
signal 0 123 45 67 8
9-bit Start Delimiter frame data 8-bit check sequence end delimiter
The Manchester-coded frame is preceded by a Start Delimiter containing non-Manchester signals to provide transparent synchronization.

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MVB Frame Delimiters Different delimiters identify master and slave frames:
Master Frame Delimiter

0
start bit
active state
idle state Slave Frame Delimiter 0
start bit
active state idle state This prevents mistaking the next master frame when a slave frame is lost. IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Frames Formats
The MVB distinguishes two kinds of frames:

master frames issued by the master 9 bits 4 16 (33) MSD F 12
address
8 CS
MSD = Master Start Delimiter (9 bits) CS = Check Sequence (8 bits) F = F_code (4 bits)
slave frames sent in response to master frames 8 16 9 16 bits SSD = Slave Start Delimiter (9 (33) SSD data CS bits) 9 32 bits 8 32 SSD data CS (49) 9 64 bits 8 64 SSD data CS (81) 9 64 bits 8 64 bits 8 128 SSD CS CS data data (153) 64 bits 8 64 bits 8 64 bits 8 64 bits 8 9 256 SSD data CS data CS data CS data CS (297) useful (total) size in bits

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MVB Distance Limits The distance is limited by the maximum allowed reply delay of 42,7 s between a master frame and a slave frame.
repeater repeater
master
remotest data source repeater delay propagation delay (6 s/km) max repeater delay
t_ms < 42,7s
t_ms
t_source
t_s t_sm
repeater delay
The reply delay time-out can be raised up to 83,4 s for longer distances (with reduced troughput).
time
distance

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Telegrams Process Data

Master Frame (Request) port address 4 bits 12 bits
F= 0..7
Slave Frame (Response) dataset time 16, 32, 64, 128 or 256 bits of Process Data
Message Data
Master Frame source device 4 bits 12 bits
F= 12 destination device
prot ocol
256 bits of Message Data source size FN FF ON OF MTC transport data device final node final function origin node origin function time message tranport control
decoded by hardware
Supervisory Data
Master Frame port F= 8-15 address 4 bits 12 bits Slave Frame
16 bits
time
Telegrams are distinguished by the F_code in the Master Frame IEC Train Communication Network
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Source-addressed broadcast
Phase1: The bus master broadcasts the identifier of a variable to be transmitted:

bus master
subscribed device
sink
subscribed device
source
subscribed devices
sink sink devices (slaves) bus
variable identifier
Phase 2: The device which sources that variable responds with a slave frame containing the value, all devices subscribed as sink receive that frame.
subscribed device
bus master sink
subscribed device
source
subscribed devices
sink sink devices (slaves) bus
variable value

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Traffic Memory
The bus and the application are (de)coupled by a shared memory, the Traffic Memory, where process variables are directly accessible to the application.
Application Processor Associative memory Traffic Memory
Process Data Base
two pages ensure that read and write can occur at the same time
Bus Controller
bus IEC Train Communication Network

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
Restriction in simultaneous access

starts
t1
ends
t2 time
writer reader 1 (slow) reader 2

page0
error !
traffic store
page1 page 1 becomes valid page 0 becomes valid
there may be no semaphores to guard access to a traffic store (real-time) there may be only one writer for a port, but several readers a reader must read the whole port before the writer overwrites it again therefore, the processor must read ports with interrupt off. IEC Train Communication Network
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Operation of the traffic memory In content-addressed ("source-addressed") communication, messages are broadcast, the receiver select the data based on a look-up table of relevant messages. For this, an associative memory is required. Since address size is small (12 bits), the decoder is implemented by a memory block:
port index table

processor
0 1 2 4 0 0 0 1
storage page 0
data(4) data(5) data (4094) data(4092) 0
page 1
data(4) data(5)
12-bit Address
5 6 7 voids 4091 4092 4093 4094 4095
2 0 0 voids 0 4 0 3 0
data (4094) data(4092) 0
bus IEC Train Communication Network

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB F_code Summary

Master Frame F_code address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 request source Slave Frame size 16 32 64 128 256 response destination
logical
Process_Data
reserved reserved reserved
single device subscribed as source
Process_Data (application -dependent)
all devices subscribed as sink
8
9 10 11 12 13 14
all devices Master_Transfer

device device device device group device General_Event reserved reserved Message_Data Group_Event Single_Event
Master
>= 1devices single device >= 1devices single device
16
16 256 16 16
Master_Transfer
Event_Identifier
Master
Master
Message_Data Event_Identifier Event_Identifier
selected device Master Master
15
device
Device_Status
single device
16
Device_Status
Master or monitor
IEC 61375 Clause 3

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MVB Outline 1. Applications in vehicles 2. Physical layer 1. Electrical RS 485 2. Middle-Distance 3. Fibre Optics 3. Device Classes 4. Frames and Telegrams 5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept 8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary IEC Train Communication Network
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Master Operation
The Master performs four tasks: 1) Periodic Polling of the port addresses according to its Poll List
2) Attend Aperiodic Event Requests

3) Scan Devices to supervise configuration 4) Pass Mastership orderly (last period in turn)
basic period sporadic phase periodic phase
supervisory phase
basic period sporadic phase periodic phase

supervisory phase
event phase
event phase
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 SD
? ? ? ?
1 2
9 SD
? ? ? ? EV guard phase
1 2 time
guard phase
The Administrator is loaded with a configuration file before becoming Master IEC Train Communication Network
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Bus Traffic
State Variable State of the Plant Response in 1..200 ms

... commands, position, speed
Messages Events of the Plant Response at human speed: > 0.5 s

Diagnostics, event recorder Initialisation, calibration
Periodic Transmission Spurious data losses will be compensated at the next cycle
Basic Period
On-Demand Transmission Flow control & error recovery protocol for catching all events
Basic Period event
Periodic Data
Sporadic Data
time

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MVB Medium Access basic period periodic phase

1 2 3 4 5 6
basic period periodic phase

1 2 7 8 9 10
sporadic phase
? ? ? ?
sporadic phase
? ! ? ?
1 2 3
events ? guard time
events ?
time
event guard data time
individual period
A basic period is divided into a periodic and a sporadic phase. During the periodic phase, the master polls the periodic data in sequence. Periodic data are polled at their individual period (a multiple of the basic period). Between periodic phases, the Master continuously polls the devices for events. Since more than one device can respond to an event poll, a resolution procedure selects exactly one event. IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Bus Administrator Configuration
period 0
1 ms
period 1
1 ms
period 2
1 ms 4 ms
period 3
1 ms
period 4
Tspo
Tspo
1 2.0 4.0 1 2.1 4.1
Tspo
1 2.0 8.2
Tspo
1 2.1
1 2.0 4.0
time 2 ms begin of turn 2 ms cycle 2
The Poll List is built knowing: the list of the port addresses, size and individual period the reply delay of the bus the list of known devices (for the device scan the list of the bus administrators (for mastership transfer) IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Poll List Configuration

macroperiod guard
>350s T_spo
(8 T_bp shown, in reality 1024 T_bp)
2 BP datasets 2 BP datasets 1 BP datasets

2.1
4.0 8.1 2.0 2.1
4.2
4.0 2.1 2.0 2.1
4.2
4.0 2.1 2.0
8.1 2.1
2.0
2.0
1
period 7
1
period 0
1
period 1
1
period 2
1
period 3
1
period 4
1
period 5
1
period 6
1
period 7
1
0
1
1
The algorithm which builds the poll table spreads the cycles evenly over the macroperiod
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basic period
MVB Event Resolution (1)
To scan events, the Master issues a General Event Poll (Start Poll) frame.
If no device responds, the Master keeps on sending Event Polls until a device responds or until the guard time before the next periodic phase begins.
A device with a pending event returns an Event Identifier Response. If only one device responds, the Master reads the Event Identifier (no collision). The Master returns that frame as an Event Read frame to read the event data
Start Event Poll (parameters and setup) Event Identifier Response from slave Event Identifier returned as master frame Event data
MSD 9 EMET
- CS SSD 12
1234
CS
MSD 12
1234
CS
SSD
xxxx xxxx
CS
Event Poll telegram
Event Read telegram

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time
IEC 61375 Clause 3

MVB Event Resolution (2) If several devices respond to an event poll, the Master detects the collision and starts event resolution
start poll and parameter setup
any?
arbitration round group poll individual poll

x101
event reading A D time
xxx1
xx11
0101
telegram collision silence collision valid event frame
The devices are divided into groups on the base of their physical addresses. The Master first asks the devices with an odd address if they request an event. If only one response If there is no response, If collision keeps on, the comes, the master returns the master asks devices master considers the 2nd bit of the device address. that frame to poll the event. with an even address. IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Event Resolution (3) Example with a 3-bit device address: 001 and 101 compete start arbitration general poll width of group address n=0 collision no event x00 xx0 xx1 n=1 n=2
silence
xxx
silence
silence x10 collision 000 EA 100 EA 010 EA 110 EA 001 EA 101 EA 011 EA x01 silence
collision x11
collision
111 EA individual poll event read time
IEC 61375 Clause 3
even devices IEC Train Communication Network

odd devices
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MVB Time Distribution
At fixed intervals, the Master broadcasts the exact time as a periodic variable. When receiving this variable, the bus controllers generate a pulse which can resynchronize a slave clock or generate an interrupt request.
Bus master Periodic list Slave Master clock clock
Application processor 1
Int Req
Int Req
Int Req
Ports
Slave clock
Ports
Slave clock
Ports
Bus controller MVB
Bus controller
Bus controller
Bus controller
Sync port address
Sync port variable

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MVB Slave Clock Synchronization
Master Slave clock clock
Slave clocks
Slave clocks
MVB 1 Bus administrator 1 Slave devices
Bus administrator 2 Synchronizer
MVB 2
The clock does not need to be generated by the Master. The clock can synchronize sampling within 100 s across several bus segments.

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MVB Outline

1. Electrical RS 485 2. Middle-Distance 3. Fibre Optics 3. Device Classes 4. Frames and Telegrams 5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept 8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Fault-tolerance Concept Transmission Integrity MVB rather stops than provides false data. The probability for an undetected transmission error (residual error rate) is low enough to transmit most safety-critical data. This is achieved through an extensive error detection scheme Transmission Availability
MVB continues operation is spite of any single device error. In particular, configurations without single point of failure are possible.
This is achieved through a complete duplication of the physical layer. Graceful Degradation The failure of a device affects only that device, but not devices which do not depend on its data (retro-action free). Configurability Complete replication of the physical layer is not mandatory. When requirements are slackened, single-thread connections may be used and mixed with dual-thread ones. IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Basic Medium Redundancy The bus is duplicated for availability (not for integrity)
address data control
parallel bus logic send register encoder selector signal quality report receive register bus controller
decoder decoder
A transmitters B A B receivers
bus line B bus line A
A frame is transmitted over both channels simultaneously. The receiver receives from one channel and monitors the other. Switchover is controlled by signal quality and frame overlap. One frame may go lost during switchover 50 IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Medium Redundancy
The physical medium may be fully duplicated to increase availability.

Principle: send on both, receive on one, supervise the other device BA repeater
optical link A
AB
device
repeater
optical link B
device
repeater
repeater
device
electrical segment X
electrical segment Y
Duplicated and non-duplicated segments may be connected IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Double-Line Fibre Layout star coupler A opto links A device rack copper bus A copper bus B redundant Bus Administrator star coupler B
A B
A B
Bus Administrator opto links B
The failure of one device cannot prevent other devices from communicating. Optical Fibres do not retro-act.
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MVB Master Redundancy A centralized bus master is a single point of failure. To increase availability, the task of the bus master may be assumed by one of several Bus Administrators
The current master is selected by token passing:

token passing
bus administrator 1
bus administrator 2
bus administrator 3
current bus master
Bus slave device slave device slave device slave device slave device slave device slave device
If a bus administrator detects no activity, it enters an arbitration procedure. If it wins, it takes over the master's role and creates a token. To check the good function of all administrators, the current master offers mastership to the next administrator in the list every 4 seconds. IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Outline
1. Applications in vehicles 2. Physical layer 1. Electrical RS 485 2. Middle-Distance 3. Fibre Optics 3. Device Classes 4. Frames and Telegrams 5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept 8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary IEC Train Communication Network
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MVB Transmission Integrity (1) 1) Manchester II encoding Double signal inversion necessary to cause an undetected error, memoryless code
Clock Data Frame
violations 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Line Signal
Start Delimiter Manchester II symbols
2) Signal quality supervision Adding to the high signal-to-noise ratio of the transmission, signal quality supervision rejects suspect frames.
125ns reference edge BT0.5 BT1.0 BT1.5 125ns 125ns BT = bit time = 666 ns time

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MVB Transmission Integrity (2) 3) A check octet according to TC57 class FT2 for each group of up to 64 bits, provides a Hamming Distance of 4 (8 if Manchester coding is considered): -15 (Residual Error Rate < 10 under standard disturbances)
Master Frame
16 (33) useful (total) size in bits
9 MSD
size in bits 4 12 F address
8 CS
MD = Master frame Delimiter CS = Check Sequence 8 bits
Slave Frame
9 16 (33) SSD 9 32 (49) 64 (81) 128 (153) 256 (297) SSD 9 SSD
16 2 bytes 32 4 bytes
8 CS SD = Slave frame Delimiter 8 CS 8 CS DATA 64 repeat 1, 2 or 4 x
64 8 bytes

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MVB Transmission Integrity (3) 4) Different delimiters for address and data against single frame loss:
respond within 1.3 s < t < 4.0 s ms MSD ADDRESS a CS SSD DATA (a) respond within 4 s < t sm<1.3 ms CS MSD ADDRESS b CS time t mm 1,3 ms
5) Response time supervision against double frame loss:

> 22 s > 22 s
MSD ADDRESS a CS
SSD DATA (a) CS
MSD ADDRESS b CS
SSD DATA (b) CS
time
accept if 0.5s < t_mm < 42.7 s
6) Configuration check: size at source and sink ports must be same as frame size. IEC Train Communication Network
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Safety Concept Data Integrity Very high data integrity, but nevertheless insufficient for safety applications (signalling) Increasing the Hamming Distance further is of no use since data falsification becomes more likely in a device than on the bus. Data Transfer critical data transmitted periodically to guarantee timely delivery. obsolete data are discarded by sink time supervision. error in the poll scan list do not affect safety. Device Redundancy Redundant plant inputs A and B transmitted by two independent devices. Diverse A and B data received by two independent devices and compared. The output is disabled if A and B do not agree within a specified time. Availability Availability is increased by letting the receiving devices receive both A and B. The application is responsible to process the results and switchover to the healthy device in case of discrepancy. IEC Train Communication Network
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Integer Set-up
poll
A B
individual period
Bus Administrator
A B
time
redundant vehicle bus (for availability only) input devices output devices
A
confinement
application responsibility
spreader device (application dependent)
fail-safe comparator and enabling logic
redundant input IEC Train Communication Network

redundant, integer output

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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Integer and Available Set-up

poll
A B
redundant bus administrator individual period
A B
time redundant bus administrator
redundant vehicle bus (for availability) input devices output devices
A C
A C
comparator and enabling logic
confinement spreader device (application dependent)
B
available and integer output
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1999 September, HK
switchover logic or comparator (application dependent)
redundant input IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Outline
1. Applications in vehicles 2. Physical layer 1. Electrical RS 485 2. Middle-Distance 3. Fibre Optics 3. Device Classes
4. Frames and Telegrams

5. Medium Allocation 6. Clock Synchronization 7. Fault-tolerance concept 8. Integrity Concept 9. Summary IEC Train Communication Network
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Summary Topography: Medium: bus (copper), active star (optical fibre) copper: twisted wire pair optical: fibres and active star coupler Covered distance: OGF: 2000 m, total 4096 devices EMD: 200 m copper with transformer-coupling ESD: 20 m copper (RS485) Communication chip dedicated IC available none (class 1), class 2 uses minor processor capacity Processor participation Interface area on board 20 cm2 (class 1), 50 cm2 (class 2) RAM, EPROM , drivers. Additional logic fully duplicated for availability Medium redundancy: Manchester II + delimiters Signalling: 1,5 Mb/s Gross data rate typical 10 s (<43 s) Response Time 4096 physical devices, 4096 logical ports per bus Address space Frame size (useful data) 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 bits Integrity CRC8 per 64 bits, HD = 8, protected against sync slip IEC Train Communication Network
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IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Link Layer Interface
Real-Time Protocols Link Layer Interface Upper Link Layer LP LM LS management station
process data Traffic Store
message data
supervisory data
Lower Link Layer
slave Process Data Message Data Supervisory Data
telegram handling frame coding
master polling arbitration mastership transfer
Physical Layer

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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Components Bus Controllers: BAP 15 (Texas Instruments, obsolete) MVBC01 (VLSI, in production, includes master logic MVBC02 (E2S, in production, includes transformer coupling) Repeaters: REGA (in production) MVBD (in production, includes transformer coupling) Medium Attachment Unit: OGF: fully operational and field tested (8 years experience) ESD: fully operational and field tested (with DC/DC/opto galvanic separation) EMD: lab tested, first vehicles equipped Stack: Link Layer stack for Intel 186, i196, i960, 166, 167, Motorola 68332, under DOS, Windows, VRTX,... Tools: Bus Administrator configurator Bus Monitor, Download, Upload, remote settings IEC Train Communication Network
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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB Throughput (raw data)
transmission delay [ms]

0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3
IEC Fieldbus @ 1,0 Mbit/s
MVB @ 1,5 Mbit/s
IEC Fieldbus @ 2,5 Mbit/s

0.2 0.1
16
32
48
64
80
96
112
128
144
160
176
192
208
224
240
256
dataset size in bits

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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3
MVB versus IEC 61158-2 Frames
IEC 61158-2 frame

Preamble Start Delimiter Data PhSDU FCS 16 bits End Delimiter Spacing 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 N+ N- 1 0 N+ N- 0 1 N+ N- N+ N- 1 0 1 v v v v
MVB frame
Start Delimiter 0 N- N+ 1 N- N+ 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 N+ N- 0 N+ NData Data 8 bits FCS FCS End Delimiter v v v v
Master Frame
Slave Frame
IEC 61158 frames have a lesser efficiency (-48%) then MVB frames To compensate it, a higher speed (2,5 Mbit/s) would be needed.

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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3

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1999 September, HK
IEC 61375 Clause 3

Iec61375 3 MVB

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Train Communication Network IEC 61375 - 3 Multifunction Vehicle Bus

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

IEC 61375 Clause 3

cockpit Train Bus

brakes data rate delay medium number of stations status

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

Multifunction Vehicle Bus in Coaches passenger information

Vehicle Bus air conditioning seat reservation power brakes

> 50 m for a 26 m long vehicle < 200 m for a train set

IEC 61375 Clause 3

MVB Physical Media

OGF EMD ESD

(2000 m) (200 m) (20 m)

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

devices with short distance bus

The number of devices under this configuration amounts to 4095.

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

Terminator ESD Segment section Repeater

OGL link Repeater ESD Segment

IEC 61375 Clause 3

IEC 61375 Clause 3

device 2.. n-1 TxS RxS

device N TxS RxS

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

ESD Device with Galvanic Isolation

protection circui t +5V RS 485 transcei ve r

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

ESD Connector for Double-Line Attachment

reserved (optional TxE)

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

EMD (Electrical Medium Distance) - Single Line Attachment

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

EMD Device with Double Line Attachment device

A1. Data_P A1. Data_N

B1. Data_P B1. Data_N

B2. Data_N B2. Data_P

A1. Data_N A1. Data_P

IEC 61375 Clause 3

EMD Connectors for Double-Line Attachment

shields contacts case

5 B1.Data_N 4 B1. Data_ P

Conn ector_1 (femal e)

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

EMD Shield Grounding Concept

device inter-section connectors

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

to other device or star coupler

to other device or star coupler

IEC Train Communication Network

IEC 61375 Clause 3

OGF to ESD adapter

from star couple r A

from star couple r B