Secondary Data And Sources Of Secondary Data

Presented by:-

Sanjay Jangid Vishakha Jaybhaye Shrikant Kamble

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Tejal Kamble

Introduction

Secondary data is the data that have been already collected by and readily available from other sources. Such data are cheaper and more quickly obtainable than the primary data and also may be available when primary data can not be obtained at all.

Importance/Usefulness
Secondary data are useful for addressing a number

of research questions, for example:

Estimating market potential Analyzing competitors Sales forecasting Assessing industry trends Alerting the manager to potential problems Providing preliminary information to guide subsequent primary data collection

Advantages
It is economical. It saves efforts and expenses. It is time saving. It helps to make primary data collection more specific since

with the help of secondary data, we are able to make out what are the gaps and deficiencies and what additional information needs to be collected. It helps to improve the understanding of the problem. It provides a basis for comparison for the data that is collected by the researcher.

Disadvantages of secondary data

Secondary data is something that seldom fits in the

framework of the marketing research factors Accuracy of secondary data is not known. Data may be outdated.

Evaluation of secondary data

Availability

Relevance
Accuracy Sufficiency

Secondary Data

Internal

External

Ready to Use

Requires Further Processing

Published Materials

Syndicated Services Computerized Databases

Secondary data sources

Publish printed sources Books Journals Magazines/newspaper Publish electronic sources E-journals General websites Weblogs

Internal sources of secondary information

Sales data

Storage data
Transport data Financial data

 External sources of secondary information

Government statistics
Trade associations Commercial services

National and international institutions

computer retrievable sources of secondary data

Surfing the web Search Engines

Newsgroups on the Internet Internet sites devoted to a specific topic where people can read and post messages.
Databases A number of companies offer database packages on DVD for personal computers or by subscription over the internet.

sifanoComputerizDatabases
Computerized Databases

Online

Internet

Offline

Bibliographic Databases

Special Purpose Databases

Full- Text Databases Directory Databases

Numeric Databases

other sources of secondary data

Geographic Information Systems Computer-based systems that use secondary and/or primary data to generate maps that visually display answers to research questions.

The problems of secondary sources

Measurement error

Source bias
Reliability Time scale

The nature of secondary sources of information

Secondary data may be available which is entirely

appropriate The time involved in searching secondary sources is much less than that needed to complete primary data collection. Secondary sources of information can yield more accurate data than that obtained through primary research. It should not be forgotten that secondary data can play a substantial role in the exploratory phase of the research when the task at hand is to define the research problem and to generate hypotheses. Secondary sources help define the population.

Summary of Key Points

Secondary data are information previously gathered for a

different purpose that may be relevant to the problem at hand. Secondary data can come from sources internal to the organization or external. The internet has, in many ways, enabled the gathering of secondary data. Secondary data are generally useful, low-cost, rapidly available sources of information.
Always look for secondary data first

Case study
Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S) The Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S), Kolkata, under the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, is the pioneer official organization for collection, compilation and dissemination of Indias Trade Statistics and Commercial Information. Over the years, DGCI&S has been making effort to release the Trade Data in time and to create reliable and detailed data-base to facilitate the formulation, implementation and modification of India's Trade Policy and Planning in the field of Export Promotion and Import Management. Presently, the Press Release and Quick Estimates of Principal Commodities for Exports and Imports are prepared within 25 days from the close of the reference month. These are very useful for making overall assessment of India's Foreign Trade in advance by the Government and to study the impact of various trade policies. A Brochure titled as "Foreign Trade Statistics of India (Principal Commodities & Countries).

As part of its regular activities, DGCI&S collects, preserves, analyses various types of commercial information required by importers, exporters, traders as well as overseas buyers. Directory of Indian Exporters is a valuable document for the foreign buyers. The Indian Trade Journal, a weekly publication brought by DGCI&S, is a repository of material of commercial interest as well as a major channel for flow of information on tenders at the National and International level. DGCI&S also maintains a Commercial Library. The Directorate brings out a number of other publications mainly on Inland and Coastal Trade Statistics, Revenue Statistics, Shipping and Air-cargo Statistics etc., which are utilized by the government departments as well as by the trading communities and researchers.

Report

DATA DISSEMINATION
(1) Monthly Press Release (2) Foreign Trade Statistics of India (Principal Commodities and Countries), (3) Monthly Statistics of Foreign Trade of India, (4) Statistics of Foreign Trade of India by Countries (5) Magnetic/hard copy media. Data processing system of DGCI&S is presently built on ORACLE database in SUN ULTRA system which support networking facilities. it receives the DTR(data trade returns) data on line from computerised Customs houses.leased line is also installed to facilitate the uninterrupted receipt of DTR's.
DIRECTORY OF INDIAN IMPORTERS DIRECTORY OF INDIAN EXPORTERS

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