Dalton’s and Boyle’s

Law
Properties of (Ideal) Gases
Gases have no definite shape or volume
— they expand to fill the container they
are in.
Gases are fluids (they flow).
Gases have low density & they are
easily compressible.
compressible
Gases diffuse (mix by random motion)
& gases have effusion (particles move
through tiny openings).
Amount of Gas
When a gas is pumped into a rigid container
the pressure increases in proportion to the
number of gas particles added.
Volume
You increase gas pressure by reducing its
volume.
volume
Temperature
As the temperature of an enclosed gas
increases, the particles move faster and
have more kinetic energy.
As the temperature of an enclosed gas
decreases, the particles move more slowly
and have less kinetic energy.
 Key Concepts
STP – Standard temperature and
pressure. Is 1 atm pressure & 0oC. It is
used as a comparison point for gas
measurements.
Standard Temperature = 273.15 K
Standard Pressure = 1 atm or 760 mmHg
Calculating Kelvin Temperature
Kelvin (K) – 273.15 + °C
Compressibility – the measure of
how much the volume of matter
decreases under pressure.
Gases, unlike liquids or solids, are
easily compressed because of the
space between the particles.
Ex. The energy of a car collision is
absorbed when the gas particles in
an air bag are forced closer together.
 Variables You Should
Know
Pressure = force/area.
Units are N/cm2 or Pascal (Pa).
Pressure (P) can also be in other units
1 atm = 760 torr
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
1 atm = 101.3 Kpa (kilopascals)
1 atm = 14.7 PSI
Volume in Liters = V
Temperature in Kelvin = T
 Dalton’s Law
Dalton’s Law – At constant
volume and temperature, the total
pressure exerted by a mixture of
gases is equal to the sum of the
partial pressures of the component
gases.
P1 + P2 + P3 = Ptotal
Sample Problem - Dalton
A 3. 00 Liter container has 3
different gases in it. Gas A has a
pressure of 25 kPa, Gas B has a
pressure of 15 kPa, and Gas C has
a pressure of 10 kPa. What is the
total pressure of the container?
P1 + P2 + P3 = Ptotal
25 + 15 + 10 = 50 kPa
 Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law – For a fixed mass of
gas at constant temperature the
volume of gas varies inversely
with pressure. As gas pressure
goes up, volume goes down. (Gas
volume varies inversely with
pressure @ set temp.)
P1V1 = P2V2 or PV=k
Sample Problem – Boyle’s
The volume of a gas at 3 atm
changes from 14.32 L to 6.15 L.
What is the new pressure if
temperature remains constant?
P1V1 = P2V2
(3*14.32) = P2 *6.15
6.985 atm
What's the largest muscle in
the human body?

The Gluteus Maximus or butt

Some are bigger than
others!