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P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
IIT Delhi
Same Physics But Shape Matters..
The Heat Conduction Equation
{ }
p
C
t r g
T
t
T
o
) , (
. . + V V =
c
c
For Isotropic Material:
For a homogeneous Isotropic material:
p
C
t x g
T
t
T
o
) , (
2
+ V =
c
c
Mass Diffusion Equation
Using the analogy
{ } ) , ( . . t r C D
t
C
, + V V =
c
c
For a homogeneous & isotropic material:
) , (
2
t r C D
t
C
, + V =
c
c
This is a general form of heat conduction equation.
Valid for all geometries.
Selection of geometry depends on nature of application.
General conduction equation in Cartesian
Coordinate System
x
q
x x
q
o +
y y
q
o +
y
q
z z
q
o +
z
q
Rate of energy generation
) , ( . t x g T k
t
T
C
p
+ V V =
c
c
) : , , (
2
2
2
2
2
2
t z y x g
z
T
y
T
x
T
k
t
T
C
p
+
(
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
( ) ) , ( t x g T k
t
T
C
p
+ V V =
c
c
( ) z r k k , ,u =
) , , (
1
2
z r g
z
T
k
z
T
k
r r
T
kr
r t
T
C
p
u
u u
+
(
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
General conduction equation based on Polar
Spherical Coordinates
) : , , (
sin
1
sin
sin
1 1
2
2
2 2 2
2
2
t r g
T
r
T
r r
T
r
r r
k
t
T
C
p
| u
| u u
u
u u
+
(
c
c
+
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
X
Y
Thermally Heterogeneous Materials
( ) z y x k k , , =
) , ( . t x g T k
t
T
C
p
+ V V =
c
c
) , , , ( t z y x g
z
z
T
k
y
y
T
k
x
x
T
k
t
T
C
p
+
c
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
+
c
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
+
c
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
=
c
c
) , , , (
2
2
2
2
2
2
t z y x g
z
T
k
z
T
z
k
y
T
k
y
T
y
k
x
T
k
x
T
x
k
t
T
C
p
+
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
) , , , (
2
2
t z y x g
x
T
k
t
T
C
p
+
c
c
=
c
c