INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATION

MobileComm Technologies India Pvt. Ltd.

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Copyright 2010 MobileComm Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved MobileComm is committed to providing our customers with quality instructor led Telecommunications Training. This documentation is protected by copyright. No part of the contents of this documentation may be reproduced in any form, or by any means, without the prior written consent of MobileComm Technologies . Document Number: RK/CT/3/2010 This manual prepared by: MobileComm Technologies
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FIGURE OF MERITS IN WCDMA

Base station tasks

WCDMA base station is responsible of Common channel generation (Pilot, BCCH etc.) Physical layer processing RF reception RF transmission Signal reception, de-spreading (Rake-receiver) Signal generation (spreading), channel multiplexing Error correction coding/de-coding Data detection Fast closed loop power control Iub transmission Air interface load measurement, reporting to RNC

Base station (RF) configuration options

The main options for the base station configuration are Number of sectors/cells Number of carriers per sector Number of Linear Power Amplifiers E.g. multiple carriers per Linear Power Amplifiers Linear Power Amplifier transmit power Base band signal processing capacity Required signal processing capacity depends on maximum number of connections and connection type (bit rate)

Base station performance

Base station performance is related to its capability to transmit and receive radio signals Transmit capability Total transmit power Transmit losses Reception capability Minimum required signal level = Sensitivity RF performance Baseband/algorithm performance HW Capacity Signal processing capacity Transmission capacity

WCDMA base station transmit power

In WCDMA base stations the transmit power is shared in cell level between All transmitted physical channels (Common channels, Users) Carriers, if multiple carriers are used Sectors WCDMA signal requires linear power amplifier (PA) Linear modulation (QAM/16-QAM) Transmitted signal sum of multiple signals High peak to average ratio Typical maximum PA output power levels are between 10 and 50 W In base station configuration large part of output power can be lost to external antenna line losses (e.g. 2 6 dB) To be minimised Physical channel (user) specific maximum power is limited by Total base station transmit power and amount of DL traffic (DL load) Channel specific power limitations defined by the system (In NSN RNC/AC)
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WCDMA base station transmit power HSDPA

Available DL power can be allocated to HSDPA transmission Depends on DL load conditions Maximum HSDPA power can be limited by RNC parameters Base station transmit power can be fully utilised HSDPA No power control headroom required for HSDPA Same power for all users Maximise DL capacity

WCDMA base station sensitivity

Base station sensitivity depends on base station reception RF and base band performance Base station reception RF performance is measured by receiver chain noise figure (NF) Base station NF is typically measured at the base station input NF describes how much the signal quality (C/I) is degraded in the receiver chain NF is affected by all noise figures, gains and losses in the receiver chain Base station reception base band performance in measured by required signal quality (Eb/N0) for a given connection quality (BER, BLER) Theoretical limit defined by channel conditions and signal configuration (e.g. channel coding) Improvement can be achieved by efficient algorithms, e.g. Rake receiver performance, and implementation

WCDMA base station sensitivity

The required received signal power can be calculated when the external noise and interference power IEXT is known

P
P

m in RX

Eb 1 C I TOT I EXT NF I N 0 PG
C I

min RX

ITOT

Eb

N0

PG I EXT NF (dB)

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Base station reception performance Eb/N0

In order to meet the defined quality requirements (BLER) a certain average bit-energy divided by total noise+interference spectral density (Eb/N0) is needed Eb/N0 is defined at bit detection in the receiver baseband Eb/N0 depends on Service and bearer Bit rate, BER requirement, channel coding Radio channel Doppler spread (Mobile speed, frequency) Multipath, delay spread Receiver/connection configuration Handover situation Diversity configuration Fast power control usage Typically given Eb/N0 includes also overhead due to physical layer control signalling Higher bit rates Less overhead Lower Eb/N0
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Required Eb/N0
Energy per bit Total power spectral density

Eb C W C PG N0 I R I
I DL I own (1 ) I oth PN

IUL I own I oth PN

Where: C = received power R = bit rate (typically service bit rate) W = bandwidth PG = processing gain Iown = total power received from the serving cell (excluding own signal) Ioth = total power received from other cells PN = noise power = orthogonality factor
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Required Ec /I0
Required Ec/I0 is the required RF C/I needed in order to meet the baseband Eb/N0 criteria Ec/N0 used often instead of Ec/I0 in same context NOTE: Pilot Ec/N0 different measure Ec/I0 depends on the bit rate and Eb/N0

Energy per chip

E c Eb R C I0 N0 W I
Total power spectral density
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Base station performance in different frequency bands

The specification requirements for base station sensitivity and transmit power is same in all frequency bands

Operating Band I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX

UL Frequencies UE transmit, Node B receive 1920 1980 MHz 1850 1910 MHz 1710-1785 MHz 1710-1755 MHz 824 849 MHz 830-840 MHz 2500-2570 MHz 880 915 MHz 1749.9-1784.9 MHz

DL frequencies UE receive, Node B transmit 2110 2170 MHz 1930 1990 MHz 1805-1880 MHz 2110-2155 MHz 869-894 MHz 875-885 MHz 2620-2690 MHz 925 960 MHz 1844.9-1879.9 MHz

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In reality we will have some changes on our overall performance via frequency change: Node B noise figure (e.g. Flexi ~2 GHz 2 dB, ~900 MHz 2.3 dB), Node B antenna gain, same size (e.g. ~2 GHz =17.5 dBi, ~900MHz = 14.5 dBi), Cable loss (e.g. ~2 GHz = 5.9 dB/100 m, ~900MHz = 3.7 dB/100 m), User equipment noise figure, specification (e.g.~2 GHz 8 dB, ~900 MHz 11 dB) Propagation, lower frequency has better propagation performance. Thus carrier frequency is affecting a lot on cell range calculations.
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