Field 2600T

Pressure Transmitter Family

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Sensor Technology

ABB

Sensor technology history

Technology Pneumatic Electronic 1st Period 1950-1980 still living 1970-1980 obsolete Basic Principle Force balance Force balance Open loop Mechanical Electrical 100% Mechanics 90% Mechanics 10% Electonics 50% Mechanics 50% Analog Sensor Flapper Nozzle Electromechanical System Capacitive Resistive Inductive Others Capacitive Resistive Inductive Others Capacitive Resistive Inductive Others

Electronic 2nd 1975-1995 obsolete

Electronic 3rd

1985-1999

Open loop

50% Mechanics 40% Digital 10% Analog 50% Mechanics 45% Digital 5% Analog

Electronic 4th
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1995-to future

Open loop

ABB

Sensor technology history - Accuracy

0.5
Communication Output Signal
Accuracy 0,5 %

0.4 0.3 0.2

: 15 psig 3: 50 mA to 4-20 mA 10 -

<0,5 % 0,25 % 0,1 %

4: 20 mA
4: 20 mA plus Digital Low Speed Smart

0.1
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High speed only serial digital Fieldbus

0,05 %

1970

1980

1990

2000

ABB

Sensor technology history steps

Some historical milestones
1955 - Foxboro pneumatic force-balance with inherent overpressure protection

1961 - Tieghi Deltapi DMTP pneumatic force-balance

1965 - Foxboro electronic force-balance (10 50 mA) 1967 - Kent-Tieghi pneumatic transmitter Deltapi N Series force-balance 1970 - Kent displacement pneumatic and electronic Flextran: failed 1971 - Deltapi E Kent electronic force-balance
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1972 - Rosemount first Alphaline capacitive sensor open loop transmitter: analog electronics

ABB

Sensor technology history steps

Some historical milestones
1976 - Honeywell first piezoresistive sensor: analog electronics 1978 - Foxboro vibrating wire analog electronics: 1/2 fail 1982 - Honeywell first processor based smart transmitter piezoresistive sensor 1984 - Kent-Tieghi first open loop Deltapi K analog transmitter inductive sensor
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1985 - Rosemount first smart HART transmitter processor electronics: capacitive sensor

ABB

Sensor technology history steps

Some historical milestones
1987 - Siemens K Series piezoresistive: sensor electronics analog failed 1988 - Foxboro first smart digital, with quartz sensor: failed 1989 - Rosemount 3051C smart HART: impressive but difficult to take the 1151 processor electronics capacitive sensor 1990 - Kent-Tieghi KS first smart HART: processor based electronics:
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inductive sensor 1992 - Rosemount 1151-S redesign processor electronics: capacitive sensor

ABB

Sensor technology history steps

Some historical milestones
1993 - First H. & B. smart HART processor electronics: capacitive sensor 1994 - First Siemens smart HART processor electronics: piezoresistive sensor 1998 - ABB Kent Taylor 600T EN version 1999 - H. & B. 2000T series (with Multivariable transmitter) 1999 - H. & B. is merged in ABB
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2002 - ABB 2600T series

ABB

Sensor requirements

Very sensitive to input primary variable (pressure): high gauge factor Insensitive to other influencing variables (ambient temperature, vibration, etc.)

Stable and repeatable Capable to be supplied with minimum electronic power, due to power limitation for application in industrial processes

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ABB

Main basic principles

Variable inductance Variable capacitance Variable resistance

(Inductive) (Capacitive) (Strain gauge)

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Resonant structure
Piezoelectric effect Modulation of light

(Resonant)

ABB

Sensor implemantation

Inductive: Capacitive: Strain gauge:

mechanical cell mechanical/ceramic/silicon cell bonded strain gauges on mechanical devices to which a force is applied or silicon cell with diffused resistance silicon cell with vibrating beams

Resonant:

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ABB

Inductive sensors
L= K x+b + a

P1

P2

L1

L2

L0 ~ 1.5 m H

L = 0.3 m H
to LC resonant circuit ferrite diaphragm

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L0

x0

ABB

Inductive sensors: advantages/disadvantages

Advantages
Integral overpressure protection Simple mechanical design Output signal very high Very high output/Input signal ratio Easy signal conversion
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Disadvantages
Low measuring circuit impedance requires more energy

In-house technology

ABB

Capacitive sensors
diaphragm

C=

P1

P2

K x

C0 ~ 50100 pF

C = 10 pF

C1

C2

Glass ABB Instrumentation spa - 13

C0

Measuring diaphragm

x0

ABB

Capacitive sensors: advantages/disadvantages

Advantages
Simple mechanical design Output signal relatively high Easy signal conversion In-house technology

Disadvantages
Difficulties in metal/glass bonding High measuring circuit impedance means susceptibility to noise is more. Error due to the changes in the dielectric constant of the filling liquid

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ABB

Strain Gauge sensors

R= K x

R
Metal cores Strain gages array (bonded or made directly on the substrate)

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+
Measuring diaphragm

Substrate
Bonding

ABB

Strain Gauge sensors: advantages/disadvantages

Advantages
Relatively low cost

Disadvantages

Overpressure protection not integral in the sensor (difficulties to Known manufacturing technology obtain a reliable protection) Good intrinsic linearity Large errors due to inherent temperature effects. Dependency on silicon suppliers
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ABB

Resonant sensors
Vibration direction Stress (S) f = (S) f0 ~ 40 KHz

f = 3 KHz

Stress (S)

Vibration direction
Resonator Excitation

f0
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- URL + URL

ABB

Resonant sensors: advantages/disadvantages

Advantages
Good repeatability Signal amplitude independent. Good intrinsic linearity

Disadvantages
Complex technology Overpressure protection not integral in the sensor Very high response time due to critical beam excitations.

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ABB

2600T series
Sensor characteristics
Overrange protection Temperature effects Mechanical design Long term stability

Technology

Respnse time

Susceptibility

Repeatibiliy

Conversion

Principles Inductive Capacitive

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Resistive Resonating

ABB

Complexity

Amplitude

Linearity

Property

Power

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Resistive
Linearity

Capacitive
Mechanical design

Take the advantage

Resonating
Amplitude Repeatibiliy Long term stability Temperature effects Susceptibility Power Conversion Overrange protection Response time Property Complexity

Principles Inductive
Sensor characteristics Technology

ABB

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Resistive
Mechanical design Linearity Amplitude Repeatibiliy Long term stability Temperature effects Susceptibility Power Conversion Overrange protection Response time Property Complexity

Capacitive 265DSA.. Draft range 264 High performance

Sensor characteristics Technology

2600T series models

Resonating 264BS.. High static pressure

Principles Inductive

ABB

Major manufacturers sensor technologies

ABB MOORE YOKOGAWA SMAR ROSEMOUNT 2600T XTC341D Dpharp LD301 3051, 1151 Inductive, Capacitive, Strain gauge Micro-capacitive (on silicon) Resonating silicon Capacitive Capacitive, Strain gauge Capacitive Resistive/Strain G. Strain Gauge Strain gauge Micro-capacitive (on silicon)

ENDRESS & H. Deltabar FOXBORO HONEYWELL

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863DP ST3000 SITRANS FCX

SIEMENS FUJI

ABB

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ABB
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