(ACQUIRED

IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SYNDROME)
-
Is HIV and AIDS the
same thing?
 HIV
 “Human Immunodeficiency
Syndrome”
 A specific type of virus (a
retrovirus)
 HIV invades the helper T cells to
replicate itself.
 No Cure

 AIDS
 Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
 HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
 Disease limits the body’s ability to
fight infection
 A person with AIDS has a very
weak immune system
 No Cure
New HIV Infections in
2002 by Age Group

Four Stages of HIV
 Stage 1 - Primary
 Short, flu-like illness - occurs one
to six weeks after infection
 no symptoms at all
 Infected person can infect other
people
 Stage 2 -
Asymptomatic

 Lasts for an average of ten years

 This stage is free from symptoms
 There may be swollen glands
 The level of HIV in the blood drops to
very low levels
 HIV antibodies are detectable in the
blood
 Stage 3 - Symptomatic

 The symptoms are mild

 The immune system deteriorates
 emergence of opportunistic
infections and cancers
 Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS

 The immune
system
weakens

 The illnesses
become more
severe leading
to an AIDS
OTHER EXAMPLES 4
STAGE :4


 Opportunistic Infections
associated with AIDS
 Bacterial
 Tuberculosis
(TB)
 Strep

pneumonia

 Viral
 Kaposi Sarcoma
 Herpes
KOPOSI SARCOMA

Modes of HIV/AIDS
Transmission
Through Bodily Fluids

 Blood
products
 Semen
 Vaginal fluids
 Breast Milk
 Through IV Drug Use
 Sharing Needles
 Without sterilization
 Increases the chances of contracting
HIV
 Through Sex

 Intercourse (penile penetration

into the vagina)
 Oral
 Anal
 Mother-to-Baby

 Before Birth
 During Birth
 Postpartum
 After the birth
Testing Options for HIV
 Anonymous Testing

 No name is used
 Unique identifying number
 Results issued only to test
recipient
23659874515
Anonymous
 Confidential Testing

 Person’s name is recorded along

with HIV results
 Name and positive results are
reported to the State Department and
the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
 Results issued only to test
recipient
 Blood Detection Tests

 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA)
 Radio Immunoprecipitation
Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody
Assay (RIP/IFA)
 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
 Western Blot Confirmatory test
 Urine Testing

 Urine Western Blot

 As sensitive as testing
blood
 Safe way to screen for
HIV
 Can cause false positives
in certain people at high
risk for HIV
 Oral Testing

 Orasure
 The only FDA
approved HIV
antibody.
 As accurate as blood
testing
 Draws blood-derived
fluids from the gum
tissue.
 NOT A SALIVA TEST!
Counseling
 Pre-test Counseling

 Transmission
 Prevention
 Risk Factors
 Voluntary & Confidential
 Reportability of Positive Test
Results
 Post-test Counseling
 Clarifies test results
 Need for additional testing
 Promotion of safe behavior
 Release of results
Treatment Options
 Antiretroviral Drugs

 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase

inhibitors
 AZT (Zidovudine)
 Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase
inhibitors
 Viramune (Nevirapine)
 Protease inhibitors
 Norvir (Ritonavir)
 Opportunistic Infection
Treatment

 Issued in an event where

antiretroviral drugs are not
available
 Four ways to protect
yourself?

 Abstinence
 Monogamous Relationship
 Protected Sex
 Sterile needles
 Abstinence

 It is the only 100 % effective

method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS.
 Refraining from sexual contact:
oral, anal, or vaginal.
 Refraining from intravenous drug
use
Monogamous relationship

 A mutually monogamous (only one sex

partner) relationship with a person who
is not infected with HIV
 HIV testing before intercourse is
necessary to prove your partner is not
infected
 Protected Sex

 Use condoms (female or male) every

time you have sex (vaginal or anal)
 Always use latex or polyurethane
condom (not a natural skin condom)
 When Using A Condom
Remember To:
 Make sure the package is not expired
 Make sure to check the package for
damages
 Do not open the package with your
teeth for risk of tearing
 Never use the condom more than once
 Use water-based rather than oil-based
condoms
 Sterile Needles
 If a needle/syringe or cooker is
shared, it must be disinfected:
 Fill the syringe with undiluted bleach
and wait at least 30 seconds.
 thoroughly rinse with water
 Do this between each person’s use
Needle Exchange Program

 Non-profit
Organization,
which provides
sterile needles in
exchange for
contaminated
ones
 Remember:
The total risks of
birth control are
much less than the
total risks of a
pregnancy!!
 BIRTH CONTROL


 Types of Birth Control
● Hormonal
● Barrier
● IUD
● Methodsbased on information
● Permanent sterilization
 Hormonal Methods
● Oral Contraceptives
(Birth Control Pill)
● Injections (Depo-Provera)
● Implants (Norplant I & II)
 How does the pill work?
●Stops ovulation
●Thins uterine lining
●Thickens cervical mucus
Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills

 Prevents Decreases
pregnancy incidence of
 Eases menstrual ovarian cysts
cramps Prevents
 Shortens period ovarian and
 Regulates period uterine cancer
Decreases acne
Norplant Implant
 Emergency Contraception
(ECP)

● Must be taken within 72 hours of the

act of unprotected intercourse or
failure of contraception method
● Must receive ECP from a physician
● 75 – 84% effective in reducing
pregnancy
● California pharmacies can prescribe
without a doctor! (1/ 1/ 02)
 BARRIER METHODS
● Spermicides
● Male Condom
● Female Condom
● Diaphragm
● Cervical Cap
 BARRIER METHOD
● Prevents pregnancy blocks the
egg and sperm from meeting
● Barrier methods have higher
failure rates than hormonal
methods due to design and
human error
 INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
(IUD)
● T-shaped object placed in the uterus to
prevent pregnancy
● Must be on period during insertion
● A Natural childbirth required to use
IUD
● Extremely effective without using
hormones > 97 %
● Must be in monogamous relationship
 STERILIZATION
● Procedure performed on a man or
a woman permanently sterilizes
● Female = Tubal Ligation
● Male = Vasectomy
VASECTOMY
LAPAROSCOPY-’BAND-AID’
STERILIZATION
 POPULATION CONTROL

Reflections: “ How can I help?”
As a student, I can help my country’ population problem by:

 J oining actively in class, school and community activities

to develop self-discipline.
 Exchanging ideas and knowledge with classmates about
planning a family and health care.
 Talking to friends and neighbors about some government
programs and policies on how to control population.
 Communicating with parents and relatives about building
strong family relationships.
 Learning how to be a responsible parent in the future
through further studies and shared experiences .
 TAKE A OATH
 LEAD A DISICIPLINE LIFE.
 HAVE AWARNESS ABOUT AIDS.
 USE ABOVE TIPS TO MAKE A AIDS
FREE WORLD.
 ERADICATE AIDS FROM WORLD
WITHOUT VACCINE.
- MANIVANNAN.
Thank You!