INTRODUCTION

Urbanization in India was mainly caused after independence, due to adoption of mixed system of economy by the country which gave rise to the development of private sector. Urbanization is taking place at a faster rate in India. Population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4%. This count increased to 28.53% according to 2001 census, and crossing 30% as per 2011 census, standing at 31.16%.

Mumbai saw large scale rural-urban migration in the 21st century. Mumbai accommodates 12.5 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 11 million inhabitants. Witnessing the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, as per 2011 census, Delhi's population rose by 4.1%, Mumbai's by 3.1% and Kolkata's by 2% as per 2011 census compared to 2001 census. Estimated population, at the current rate of growth, by year 2015 of Mumbai stands at 25 million, Delhi and Kolkata at 16 million each, Bangalore and Hyderabad at 10 million.

AIM/Objective
The main objective of urbanisation is to analyze the recent past trends and patterns of urbanization, urban economic growth, and urban equity measured by urban poverty and inequality Our analysis shows that higher rate of urbanization is . associated with higher economic growth, lower level of poverty and higher extent of inequality in urban India. Finally, the study suggests that Indian government needs to speed up the urbanization rate as it contributes higher share of national GDP by reducing urban poverty and inequality.
in India

Madhya Pradesh

Bhopal, Madhya

Pradesh town andcities

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 13 14 22 29

Urban Agglomeration Greater Mumbai Kolkata Delhi Chennai Bangalore Hyderabad Nagpur Indore jabalpur bhopal

Persons 16,368,084 13,216,546 12,791,458 6,424,624 5,686,844 5,533,640 3,022,965 2,439,044 2,090,486 1,876,598

Indore has the highest development rate in compare to the other cities with respect to infrastructures and is the busiest & most advanced business hubs in India

INDORE
Indore has the highest development rate in compare to the other cities with respect to infrastructures and is the busiest & most advanced business hubs in India.
Actually Indore was a revsting place for a oldest

pilgrimage route for Ujjain then Martha's used it as a route Process of growth &northern devlopment towards India of the city :--

As a religious route As a fertile agriculture land with farmer settlement And traders As an industrial town

The average growth rate of Indore has been 40% which is higher as compared to the national growth rate @25.7 % Female population is 912 per 1000 males, which indicates difficult housing situation for working migrants.

An Urban Agglomerations denotes a continuous urban spread and normally consists of a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths or two or more physically contiguous towns together with well recognised outgrowths.

Population density of indore

URBANISATION AFTER AND BEFORE

Geographically Indore spreads in an (Source : town planning area of 145 sq.kms.

deptt.) Land use
Area (hectures) 4449 550 793 1071 279 1273 128 Perca ntage % 53% 6% 9% 13% 3% 15% 1%

residential commercial industrial Public /semipublic recreational transport waterbodies

In the development plan-1991, 1500 hectares of land was provided for industrial purpose but according to master plan 2011, 2200 hectares of land is needed for the same. Hence 700 hectares additional land has to be additionally planned intelligently for industry. As far as location is considered, industries have been

Complexity in the planning can be observe in the centre as these were the areas with early settlement which were spontaneous and organic As with the development a better understanding was observe and roads started to be longer in length connecting to the major roads

Land use distribution

Indore in present scenario

Indore is the commercial capital of Central India with Large, Medium and Small scale industries These industries range from Automobiles to Pharmaceutical and from Petroleum Refineries to Textile. Indores major source of income is from Education, Textile, Jewellery and Metal works Industries. With an establishment of automobile industry production of optical fiber for telecommunication also started which in past 5 yrs had generated a business of 3000 corers and thus giving Indore contributes to about 40% of the total productivity of the State direct or indirect employment to 35000 peoples. and about 7% of the total investments in equity markets in India. The surplus labour, which was unable to enter the formal
market/sector was mainly absorbed in the informal areas sector. Major industrial in and surrounding the city include the Pithampur Special Economic Zone and the Sanwer Industrial belt having about 2000 factories of various sizes . Pithampur indores ECONOMIC CONDITION is also known as Detroit of India

 In todays development scenario Indore is the fastest developing cities of India Infrastructure in Indore facilitates production of goods, services and also the distribution of finished products to the market.
Chatrasaal choraha

Treasure market

Indore is also good in basic social services such as hospitals and educational institution. Indore medical college Itis only city in india to have infrastructure and devlopment approach both the prime institution IIT & IIM.

Source

Approx. Daily Supply (Ml/day) MIN MAX

140 27 140 18

The water supply in the city is unsatisfactory on account of high losses and inefficiencies in the system. The growth of urban population, estimated at 4% to 5% per annum, and the rapid urbanisation has significant influence on water demand and exerting pressures on the available water sources, leading to over exploitation of groundwater resources. Around 68 per cent of citys population receives water between one or two hours every alternative day, while the other areas augment SN year by demand supply deficit supplies water tankers.
All figures in MLD 1 2 1947 1970 1977 1989 1992 2001 2011 37.00 73.0 109 157 177 270 378 25.90 47.50 113.50 113.50 180.22 190.00 199.50 7.50 25.50 ----43.50 ----80.00 162.50

Narmada Water Supply Project: Yashwant Sagar Tank on Gambhir River: Municipal Tubewells Bilawali Tank

13 0

18 4.5

Water available (ML/day)

Theoretical percapita water availabilitybased 30 % losses (2.22 million people)

171
72 litre/d ay

199.5
84 litre/ day

3 4 5 6 7

MLD - Mega Litre per day (1 Mega Litre = 1000 Kilo Litre)

water supply and resources

UN Habitat in coordination with Asian development bank is checking the present water supply situation in Indore. In view of the proposed new water augmentation

Due to rapid urbanization ,people from the different parts of the country is migrating toward Indore in search of employment and thus they land up to the place with low rental (congested) .SLUMS Slum less Indore has still to remain places pipeline ??.... The project under JNNURM has suffered due to IMC failure to utilize the funds before purpose of and escalation of the cost. Under SRRA the city should have become free from slum by march 2010

Target is not achieved, 5yr scheme of JNNURM is about to end 35 % of cities total To have a slum less Today Indore IDA had been population lives in slum indulging in large scale and another 15 % in brutal demolition of slum unauthorized colonies without any prior without any adequate management to infrastructure. Thus rehabilitate them thus adding upto 50 % to leaving the mass informal sector homeless.

Reforms and devlopment approach

Indore city is well connected by an expressway, several national and state highways, whereas rail network bifurcates the city exactly from the centre The city transportation system is predominantly dependent on roadway systems.

Indore to bhopal express way

Connectivity of Indore

As the city transport system basically depends upon the road network which further categorised by travel pattern o A.B. Road Corridor (Mangliya to Rau) -23.80 Kms o Eastern Ring Road Corridor -23.65 Kms o River Side Road Corridor -14.50 Kms o Western Ring Road Corridor -15.90 Kms o Maximum of the population east of o M.R.10 Corridor (Bypass to Ujjain Indore reside within the 1 km distance Road) -8.71 Kms from A.B. road and eastern ring road o RW-2 (Ujjain Road to Airport) -9.50 corridor. Kms o About 75 per cent professional education institutes are located on the outer ring of the city and maximum of the Student population reside within the walking distance of the proposed corridors (M.R.10, A.B. Road, western ring road). o The proposed corridors are easily

City in context to road devlopment

AB RAOD AND OTHER RING ROADS

75 mt width road section having a bus rapid transport system at the centre whereas bycycle track at the edges

Airport road

City in context to road devlopment

60 mt width road section having a bus rapid transport system at the centre whereas bycycle track at the edges

pattern of urbanization
The pattern of urbanization in India is characterized by continuous concentration of population and activities in large cities. Kingsley Davis used the term "over-urbanization (Kingsley Davis and Golden, 1954) "where in urban misery and rural poverty exist side by side with the result that city can hardly be called dynamic" and where inefficient, unproductive informal 13 sector ( Kendo and Basu, 1998) becomes increasingly apparent. Another scholar (Breese, 1969) depicts urbanization in India as pseudo urbanization where in people arrive in cities not due to urban pull but due to rural push. Reza an Kudu (1978) talked of dysfunctional urbanization and urban accretion which results in a concentration of population in a few large cities without a corresponding increase in their economic base. Urbanization process is not mainly "migration lead" but a product of demographic explosion due to natural increase. Besides rural out migration is directed towards class I cities. The big cities attained inordinately large population size leading to virtual collapse in the urban services and quality of life. Large cities are structurally weak and formal instead of being functional entities because of inadequate economic base. Globalization, liberalization (Kudu and Gupta, 2000), privatization addressing negative process for urbanization in India. Under globalization survival and existence of the poor are affected adversely. Liberalization permits cheap import of goods which ultimately negatively affects rural economy, handicrafts, household industry on which rural poor survives. The benefits of liberalization (Desponded and Despande, 1998 ) generally accrue to only those who acquire new skills. It is unlikely that common man and the poor will benefit from the liberalization. Privatization cause retrenchment of workers. All these negative syndrome forces poverty induced migration( Mukherjee, 1993) of rural poor to urban informal sectors, Lalitha and Arora (2001). Hence migration which is one of the components of urban growth occurs not due to urban pull but due to rural push.

Ratio of urbanization
According to 2001 census (Table 3), in India out of total population of 1027 million about 285 million live in urban areas and 742 million live in rural areas. Sex ratio, defined as number of female per 1000 male, for urban, rural and total India are 900, 945, 933 respectively. Table 3: Population of India by sex and residence : 2001 India Male Female Total Person Sex ratio Urban 150135894 135219060 285354954 900 Rural 381141184 360519109 741660293 945 Total 531277078 495738169 1027015247 933

Causes of urbanization in India

The main causes of urbanization in India are: Expansion in government services, as a result of Second World War Migration of people from Pakistan after partition of IndiaThe Industrial Revolution Eleventh five year plan that aimed at urbanization for the economic development of India Economic opportunities are just one reason people move into cities Infrastructure facilities in the urban areas Growth of private sector after 1990 .

Problem of Urbanisation
Problem of urbanization is manifestation of lopsided urbanization, faulty urban planning, urbanization with poor economic base and without having functional categories. Hence India's urbanization is followed by some basic problems in the field of : 1) housing 2) Slums 3) transport 4) water supply and sanitation 5) water pollution and air pollution 6)inadequate provision for social infrastructure ( school, hospital, etc ).

DC SURVEY
In DC at every building isobar panels are present which conduct electricity to the buildings. They were established in 1998 and renewed in last year and which is coasting about 8 -10 lakhs per panel. Isobar panel are those which can absorb ultraviolet heat and can capture atmospheric heat which is converted into electricity. There is tower like structure present that is connected to all satellite and WiFi connection . In DC all boarding houses are connected with solar water heaters and contains 14 transformers that help in electricity generation. All campus has underground electricity cabling system to minimize power breakups. In DC there is drip irrigation system used for gardens and all grounds. This water is also includes manure in it. In DC water recharging system is developed around old wells and hand pumps. In the campus along the roads they dig 8/5 and 6/6 fit of holes to conserve rain water. In DC there are 3ponds are developed under rain water harvesting system 1 of which contains dynamic to purify the water. In DC there are biodegradable pits in which vermin-compositing is done in it 10

Bus rapid Bus rapid transit systeM[brts]

Bus Rapid Transit System is a new form of public transportation which

is an emerging approach to using buses as an improved high-speed system. transit ExclusiveExclusive Lanes. Traffic lanes reserved for the

exclusive use of buses help buses pass congested traffic. Lanes. Traffic lanes reserved for the exclusive use of buses help buses pass congested traffic. Implementation of BRTS will reduce the cost of public transportation and with an ability to have fast access to the city will lead in popularizing the public transport and thus reducing dependability on private vehicles.

Indore is a fast growing city as far as commerce, industry and population is concerned. For life of any successful urban centre:
1. Heart line is water supply system 2. Brain line is the knowledge of residents. 3. Life line is accessibility and approach to the city. Indores road network is very strong. It is the biggest cross-section centre of India related to goods trading through road-ways Indias first private radio channel (Radio-Mirchi) and first private land-line telephone service (Airtel) came to Indore as people of Indore highest paying in India Majorhave problem in Indore iscapacity Water, which is unable to meet the demand. Floating population is high due to Indore being educational hub of Central India, thesame is maximum during summers when theres load on resources as Indore doesnt haveany river passing by which can serve it with water

conclusion

References :-The Indore State Gazetteer". published by Govt. of India city development plan by IDA Travel and traffic pattern Indore city
INDIAN PEOPLES TRIBUNAL ON ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Thanking yon