Log Periodic Antenna

Anil Kumar Bhat 1st M.Tech (DECS)

Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ST. JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Vamanjoor

Objectives
Introduction Frequency Independent Antennas Introduction Log Periodic Antennas LPDA Evolution Toothed Planar array operation and properties Other types

Log Periodic Dipole Array

Application and types Examples

Expected Time : 30 min

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Introduction
Frequency Independent Antennas
has constant pattern, impedance, polarization, and

phase center with frequency In practice it is an antenna with a bandwidth of about 10:1 Examples:
The Biconical Antenna The Log Spiral Antenna The Conical Spiral Antenna

The Log Periodic Antenna

Log Periodic Antenna

Introduction
Characteristics that yield broadband behavior are
1. 2. 3.

Emphasis on angles rather than lengths Self Complementary structure Thick metal Fatter the better

Distinguishing feature:
Self Scaling behavior radiation takes place only from

resonant sections i.e. the active region

Two types
Spiral Log Periodic
Log Periodic Antenna

Introduction Log Periodic Antennas

A Frequency Independent Antenna

Its impedance and radiation characteristics repeat

periodically as logarithm of the frequency Based on Rumseys Principle University of Illinois in late 1950s and 60s

Log Periodic Antenna

LPDA Evolution
Toothed Planar

Toothed Wedge
Toothed Trapezoid Toothed Trapezoid Wedge Trapezoid Wire Trapezoid Wedge Wire Zig-Zag Wire Log-Periodic Array

Log Periodic Antenna

Log-Periodic Toothed Planar Antenna

First Log Periodic Antenna -Raymond DuHamel and

Dwight Isbell two lobes with maxima in each normal direction to the plane The radiation is linearly polarized parallel to the teeth edges The frequency limits of operation are set by the frequencies where the largest and smallest teeth are a quarter -wavelength long.

Log Periodic Antenna

Principle of operation

Log Periodic Antenna

Properties of Toothed Planar Antenna

The properties of the log-periodic toothed planar

antenna depend on . The half-power beam-width increases with increasing values of .

Log Periodic Antenna

Other types
Log-Periodic Toothed Wedge Antenna
a unidirectional pattern form of its planar version A single broad main beam exists in the +z-direction. The patterns are frequency-independent for 30 <

< 60. The polarization is linear and y-directed for an onaxis radiation.

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Log Periodic Antenna

Other types
Log-Periodic Toothed Trapezoid Antenna
Similar to Toothed Planar Antenna

Log-Periodic Toothed Trapezoid Wedge

Antenna
formed by bending the planar version into a wedge
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Output patterns similar to planar wedge antenna

Other types low frequencies

Log-Periodic Trapezoid Wire Antenna
Similar to Toothed Trapezoid Antenna

Log-Periodic Trapezoid Wire Wedge Antenna

Formed by bending Toothed Trapezoid Wire at the

apex to form a wedge.

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Other types low frequencies

Log-Periodic Zig-Zag Wire Antenna
both planar and wedge versions exists

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Log Periodic Antenna

Log Periodic Dipole Array

Dwight Isbell demonstrated the first log-periodic

dipole array in 1960

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Log Periodic Antenna

Log Periodic Dipole Array working

It consists of series fed array of parallel wire

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dipoles of successively increasing lengths outward from the feed point of the apex LPDA operation can be viewed as being similar to that of a Yagi - Uda antenna. The longer dipole behind the most active dipole (with largest current) behaves as a reflector and the adjacent shorter dipole in front acts as a director At any given frequency only a fraction of the antenna is used [In general 15% is used in short limit and about 50% in long Logwavelength Periodic Antenna wavelength limit].

Log Periodic Dipole Array construction

Consider the LPDA below, a wedge of enclosed angle bounds the dipole lengths.
tan
2

+1

2 2 = +1 +1 +1 =

The spacing factor

=
2

element spacing are given by = +1 =(1 )

But =
4 Log Periodic Antenna 2 2 2

(1 )

Or = 2 tan1

1 4

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Log Periodic Dipole Array construction

The frequency limits are determined by

and

land u are corresponding to the lower and upper

frequency limits. High gain requires a large value of , i.e. a LPDA of large overall length. Gain increases with increase in dipole thickness. Gain tends to decrease as the feeder impedance is increased. Typical design of LPDA involves selecting
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o < <45 and 0.70 < < 0.95 10 Log Periodic Antenna

Log Periodic Dipole Array Applications and Types

Applications
VHF-TV FM Military Applications

Variations
LPDA Straight Type LPDA Vee Type Pyramidal type

PCB LPDA

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Log Periodic Antenna

Log Periodic Dipole Array Types

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Log Periodic Antenna

Example - DS-100600
Manufacturer : A-info

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Log Periodic Antenna

Exam Questions
Explain the working of Log Periodic Antenna, with neat sketches? (10M) (Jan-11) 2. Explain the following types of antenna: Frequency Independent Antenna and Log Periodic Antenna. (10M) (Dec-11)
1.

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Log Periodic Antenna

Bibliography
Antenna Theory and Design 2nd edition, Stutzman and Thiele 2. Antennas 2nd edition, Kraus 3. Various sources on the web for photos 4. http://www.ainfoinc.com/en/p_ant_l.asp
1.

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Log Periodic Antenna

QA

Thank You

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Log Periodic Antenna