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Ten-Hut! In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish.
Commands in English
are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since its always you) to tell people what they should do:
Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!
Commands in English
and what they shouldnt do:
Dont write in your books! Dont speak English in Spanish class! Dont be silly!
Commands in Spanish
are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying you:
T: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural
Opposite vowels
Think of the verb adding the opposite vowel: AR verbs add an E. ER & IR verbs add an A.
Entregue la tarea! Note the spelling change because of the final g sound.
Uds
Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Right! Just add an N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.
Levntese!
What about reflexive verbs? Levntese! / Sintese! In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb.
Levante + se Levanten + se
No!
How do we make negative commands in Spanish?
No se levante!
What about reflexive verbs? No se levante! No se sinte! In negative commands, all objects precede the verb.
No No No No
se se se se
Some irregulars
What would a lesson be without a few irregulars to make it interesting?? Can you guess where these forms come from?
Haga la tarea. Tenga paciencia. Salga ahora. Vuelva a casa. Piense bien. S bueno! Est tranquila!
Qu pasa?
Haga la tarea.
Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e
Tenga paciencia.
Salga ahora.
Vuelva a casa.
Piense bien.
These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the o, and add the opposite vowel.
Ser > yo soy Estar > yo estoy Dar > yo doy Saber > yo s Ir > yo voy
The yo form does not end in an o, so there is no o to drop when forming the command form.