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ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP messages are IP packets Used by network hosts to announce
Network errors Network congestion Network timeouts ICMP Echo Request/Reply messages used in Ping Traceroute
CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools
ICMP Header
ICMP Messages
Destination network/host/port unreachable Source Quench Message Echo Request/Reply (ping) Time Exceeded/TTL Expiry (traceroute)
Ping
Ping - Example
$>ping www.ucalgary.ca Pinging www.ucalgary.ca [136.159.x.x] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=62 Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=43ms TTL=62 Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=62 Reply from 136.159.34.17: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=62 Ping statistics for 136.159.34.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 43ms, Average = 19ms
Traceroute
Traceroute
8 bit field in IP header Specifies the time a packet is allowed to live in the network At each hop, router or host decrements TTL value of packet by 1 When TTL = 1
Packet discarded ICMP Time Exceeded error datagram sent back to source host
CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools
Traceroute
First three packets have TTL = 1 Second three packets have TTL = 2 and so on.
Sends ICMP Time Exceeded packet Source host uses these messages to build list of all hosts in the route
CPSC 441 Tutorial - Network Tools
References
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The end
Questions?
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