National Energy Scene

Sources Of Energy

Primary sources Coal , Oil , Natural Gas ,

Biomass ,Nuclear Power ,Hydro Power

Coal and Oil

4th largest producer of coal and lignite in world Coal Availability : AP , MP , Maharashtra , Orissa , Jharkhand and West Bengal Oil 70 % demand met by Imports. Cost of barrel $ 3 /barrel 1971 now it is $70 Transport 53% ,domestic 18% Industrial 17 % Gas from Rel & GSPC is expected to meet demand by 2011-12 with surplus.

Sources Of Energy
Secondary Sources Steam , Electricity etc commercial energy electricity , coal etc non commercial free firewood etc Renewable Energy Wind , Solar , Geothermal , Tidal Power , Hydro electric

Power Policy
Full demand to be met by 2012 , including peaking and Spinning reserve. Access to power to all house holds by 2012 as declared in 2005 .

Major Laws
Electricity R Commission act 1998 Electricity Act 2003 Energy conservation act 2001 National Electricity Policy 2005 RGGVY 2005 R APDRP Solar Mission

National Energy Development

Installed Capacity 1950 1713 MW Installed Capacity 2010 1,63,669 MW Thermal 87093 MW Hydro 37033 MW Nuclear 4560 MW Villages Electrified 4,97,494 Villages Un electrified 95,517

National Energy Development

Per capita Consumption 2009 733 units Per capita Consumption 1950 18 units Per capita Expected by 2012 1000 units Coal 53 % of Total Primary Energy Gas 11 % of installed capacity Private Sector Installed Capacity 19 %

Energy Consumption Pattern

Industry 49 % Transport 22 % Residence 10 % Agriculture 5% Others 14 %

Major Reforms
1991 Power sector was thrown to private sector from local and abroad Electricity Act 2003 National Electricity Policy 2005

Electricity Act 2003

Competition in generation, Transmission and distribution. Encourage investment in power field Open access in transmission and Distribution Power Trading Regulatory Improvements

National Electricity Policy Aims

Demand to be met by 2012 Supply of Reliable and quality power of specified standards in an efficient manner and at reasonable rates Protection of consumer interests Minimum life line consumption of 1 unit/household /day by the year 2012.

National Electricity Policy -issues

Rural Electrification. Generation , Transmission and Distribution Technology development and R&D Competition aimed at consumer benefits. Financing Power Sector programs Energy conservation Environmental Issues.

NEP-Rural Electrification
National average for RE june 2010 83% Disparity between CEA and National Sample Survey agency Karnataka 3 phase supply availability 6 hrs Maharashtra 12 hrs /day for agriculture REDB aims at 1 DT in every Village. Renewable and decentralized gen facility with local distribution.

NEP-RGGVY present Status

Projects 558 Outlay 25679 crores No of villages 116124 Electrified 20 607 Un electrified 95517

NEP- APDRP Status 2002-03

Projects 571 Towns 906 In 215 towns AT&C losses less than 20 % In 163 towns AT&C losses less than 15 % Billing Efficiency improved from 68.3% to 71.4 % by 2007 Collection Efficiency improved from 92.68 to 94.02 National AT&C losses reduced 36.6 to33 %

NEP- APDRP Status

Feeder Metering in 23 states 100 % Feeder Metering Overall 98 % Consumer Metering Overall 88 % Overall commercial Loss of Utilities 40000 crores / year Loss w.r.t Turnover 2001-02 36.55 Loss w.r.t Turnover 2005-06 16.45

NEP- R APDRP Status

Part A To collect base line data-- 10000crores Part B To implement improvements in system h/w 40000 crores Aim is to reduce the AT&C losses to 15 % Franchisees

Plans for Future

Proposed addition of generation during 11 th plan is 78577 MW + 30375 Total 108952MW Revised target is 62000MW Target achieved till 31-3-2010 27069 MW Proposed addition of transmission lines during 11th plan is for evacuation of 100 000 MW Ref CEA report.

Todays situation
T&D losses 30% Peaking shortage India 14% 10959 mu Feb 2010 58906 mu against 65594 mu 10.2% Peaking shortage Maharashtra 23 % 2848 mu Delhi Success Tata & Reliance in 2002 AT&C losses reduced from 52.36 to 35.31% AP projects best example, reduction from 37% In 2000 to 15 % in 2006 .

Present major Ills

Power theft najafgarh Mula pravara arrears are 930 crores Free Power mania for Agriculture Financial bad health of SEBs Generation projects gestation period is high

Innovations/Initiatives
Meter photographs by MSEDCL TOD metering, electronic metering Use of LED for lighting 10 times efficient than incandescent and 1.5 to 2 times than CFL Making Solar heating compulsory for new buildings-commercial & Industrial Distributed generation

Solar Energy
Jawaharlal Solar Mission Aims to establish 22000 MW by 2022. Phase 1 to achieve 1000 to 1500 MW by 2012 Phase 2 to achieve 6000 to 7000 MW by 2017 Phase 3 to achieve 20000 MW by 2020 800 investors applied for 8000MW projects with investment of 112000 crores

Solar Power
Solar energy 1800 kwh/m2/year Cost of spv panel has come down to $2.5 /w from earlier $ 20 /W Solar companies Tata BP Solar, Reliance Industries ,Moser Baer ,Signet Solar Us in Noida , Solar Semi conductor of US in AP. Addition in units of 5MW for SPV and 100 MW largest size for Solar Thermal.

Energy conservation Act 2001

BEE for promoting Energy Efficiency in India Bachat Lamp Yojana distribute CFL for rs 15 Target replacement of about 400 million bulbs leading to possible reduction of 6000 MW ECBC sets minimum energy performance standards Standards and labelling scheme- min energy performance standards

Suggestions for future

Replace large projects by small projects Hydro projects during peak power requirement time Incentivizing cogeneration Stoppage of free power Use of CFL / LED Prevention of theft.

References
Monthly reports of CEA year 2010 Akhil Bharatiya Vidyut Sankhiki 2006 CEA publication Annual Report 2007-08 M O Power GOI The action Plan for Energy Efficiency BEE.