Prepared By:Er.

Rahul Kumar Verma (Electrical)

1. ELECTRICITY

Today we cant imagine our life without electricity. Everything we use is operated with electricity. Electricity's extraordinary versatility as a means of providing energy means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communicatio ns, and computation. Electrical power is the backbone of modern industrial society. The word electricity is from the New Latin lectricus, "amber-like", coined in the year 1600 from the Greek (electron) meaning amber, because electrical effects were produced classically by rubbing amber.

Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research on electricity in the 18th century, as documented by Joseph Priestley (1767) History and Present Status of Electricity, with whom Franklin carried on extended correspondence.

2. LIGHT BULB

One of the important invention that brightens millions of houses and buildings. The bulb itself works by transmitting electricity through a wire with high resistance known as a filament. The waste energy created by the resistance is expelled as heat and light.

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and b usinessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a longlasting, practical electric light bulb.

The coastal steamship Columbia became the first application for the light bulb in 1880. It sank after colliding with a schooner off California in 1907.

3. COMPUTERS

Computers have drastically changed our lives and open the gates to new emerging world of endless possibilities.

They are able to make complicated mathematical calculations at an incredible rate of speed and when they operate under the instructions of skilled programmers, they can accomplish amazing feats.

The Jacquard loom, on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, England, was one of the first programmable devices.

4. INTERNET

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the interlinked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks

The department of US defence first used a service called ARPANET in the 1960s. Then, in 1989, Tim Berner Lee invented the World Wide Web, which shrank the world like nothing else. Today more than 1.7 billion people, or 25 per cent of the world use the Internet. It is such a powerful invention that weve probably only begun to see its long term effects.

5. EMAIL

Electronic mail, most commonly referred to as email or e-mail since approximately 1993, is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-andforward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.

The worldwide spread of email affected the exchange of communications. Before email, a business in the US sending an important document overseas printed the document, packaged it, paid for the delivery service and waited days for it to arrive at the destination. After email grew to be a part of all international businesses, companies and students possessed the ability to send formal communications to the recipient in minutes.

6. STEAM ENGINE

The Industrial Revolution, which is possibly the greatest change over the shortest period of time in the history of civilization, was carried forward by the steam engine. Now, While the steam engine has been overshadowed by electric and internal combustion engines in the areas of transport and factory power, it is still incredibly important. Most power plants in the world actually generate electricity using steam turbines, whether the steam is heated by burning coal, natural gas, or a nuclear reactor.

James Watt, 19 January 1736 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

7. AUTOMOBILE
Do you know there are approximately 600 million passenger cars worldwide? That is roughly one car per eleven people! We all know how important they are in our life and it would be hard to imagine a world without them. An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods

8. AIRCRAFT

An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.

9. MOBILE PHONE

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station.

Martin "Marty" Cooper (born December 26, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois, USA) is a pioneer and visionary in the wireless communications industry. With eleven patents in the field, he is recognized as an innovator in radio spectrum management. Inventing the handheld cellular Mobile phone. Making world's first handheld cellular mobile phone call.

10. TELEPHONE

A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are not in the same vicinity of each other to be heard directly.

First patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and further developed by many others, the telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances. Telephones became rapidly indispensable to businesses, government, and households, and are today some of the most widely used small appliances.

11. TELEVISION

The etymology of the word has a mixed Latin and Greek origin, meaning "far sight": Greek tele (), far, and Latin visio, sight (from video, vis- to see, or to view in the first person). Commercially available since the late 1920s, the television set has become commonplace in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a vehicle for advertising, a source of entertainment, and news. Since the 1950s, television has been the main medium for molding public opinion. Since the 1970s the availability of video cassettes, laserdiscs, DVDs and now Bluray Discs, have resulted in the television set frequently being used for viewing recorded as well as broadcast material. In recent years, Internet television has seen the rise of television available via the Internet through services such as iPlayer and Hulu.

Philo Taylor Farnsworth

(August 19, 1906 March 11, 1971) was an American inventor and television pioneer.

Charles Francis Jenkins

(August 22, 1867 June 6, 1934) was an American pioneer of early cinema and one of the inventors of television, though he used mechanical rather than electronic technologies.

12. ROBOTS

Robots are helping us in many aspects of life. They are used in car productions, packaging of manufactured goods, mass production of printed circuit boards (PCBs), space probes, military drones (UAVs) and humanoid robots like ASIMO designed and developed by HONDA. ASIMO, which is an acronym for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, was created to be a personal assistant.

The idea of automata originates in the mythologies of many cultures around the world. Engineers and inventors from ancient civilizations, including Ancient China, Ancient Greece, and Ptolemaic Egypt, attempted to build self-operating machines, some resembling animals and humans. Early descriptions of automata include the artificial doves of Archytas the artificial birds of Mozi and Lu Ban a "speaking" automaton by Hero of Alexandria, a washstand automaton by Philo of Byzantium, and a human automaton described in the Lie Zi.

13. GAMING CONSOLES

A video game console is an interactive computer that produces a video display signal which can be used with a display device (a television, monitor, etc.) to display a video game. The term "video game console" is used to distinguish a machine designed for people to buy and use primarily for playing video games on a TV in contrast to arcade machines, handheld game consoles, or home computers. The video game console was first invented in the 1950s and has continued to evolve, with the latest consoles being released in 2013.

14. DIGITAL CAMERA

A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that takes video or still photographs by recording images on an electronic image sensor. Most cameras sold today are digital, and digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles.

Steven J. Sasson (born July 4, 1950 in Brooklyn, New York), a Kodak engineer invented and built the first digital camera using a charge-coupled device image sensor in 1975.

15. GUN

We all are familiar about this deadly device. So there is no need of introduction or any type of explanation.

The first devices identified as guns appeared in China around 1000AD, and by the 12th century the technology was spreading through the rest of Asia, and into Europe by the 13th century.

16. REFRIGERATOR

A refrigerator (colloquially fridge) is a common household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump(mechanical, electronic, or chemical) that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room. Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique in developed countries. Lower temperatures in a confined volume lowers the reproduction rate of bacteria, so the refrigerator reduces the rate of spoilage.

The first known artificial refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow in 1748. The American inventor Oliver Evans, acclaimed as the "father of refrigeration," invented the vapor-compression refrigeration machine in 1805.

17. ATM

An automated or automatic teller machine (ATM) (American, Australian and Indian English), also known as an automated banking machine(ABM) (Canadian English), cash machine, cashpoint, cashline or hole in the wall (British and Hiberno-English), is a computerized telecommunications device that enables the clients of a financial institution to perform financial transactions without the need for a cashier, human clerk or bank teller. ATMs are known by various other names including ATM machine, automated banking machine and various regional variants derived from trademarks on ATM systems held by particular banks

The idea of self-service in retail banking developed through independent and simultaneous efforts in Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. In the USA, Luther George Simjian has been credited with developing and building the first automatic teller machine (which didn't dispense cash).

18. RADIO

A Russian, and the Italian-Irish inventor Guglielmo Marconi, saw the potential in this technology when they sent and received the first radio waves. Marconi sent the first transatlantic radio message (three dots for the letter S) in 1901. Since then Radio became an important part of our daily life, from listening to news bulletins to baseball matches, and even the invention of TV barely affected its significance.

Guglielmo Marconi 25 April 1874 20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, known for his pioneering work on long distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi is often credited as the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"

19. PRINTING PRESS

A printing press is a device for evenly printing ink on to a print medium (substrate) such as paper or cloth. The device applies pressure to a print medium that rests on an inked surface made of movable type, thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press are widely regarded as among the most influential events in the second millennium revolutionizing the way people conceive and describe the world they live in, and ushering in the period of modernity.

In 1454 the German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg was the first to construct a press that comprised moveable metal type, which, when laid over ink, could print repeatedly onto paper. The introduction of computers in the 1950s revolutionized printing composition, with more and more steps in the print process being replaced by digital data. Now a days we have modern electronic printing presses in our homes and offices commonly known as printers.

20. THE BAR CODE

This boring set of black and white lines was developed by Norman Woodland, but they can be found on almost every single item in the grocery store. At first glance, it seems hard to see how they could possibly make any impact on the world, but they have fundamentally changed the way we shop.

21. CALCULATOR
An electronic calculator is a small, portable, often inexpensive electronic device used to perform both basic and complex operations of arithmetic. Pocket sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the invention of the microprocessor developed by Intel for the Japanese calculator company Busicom.

The Casio Computer Company, in Japan, released the Model 14-A calculator in 1957, which was the world's first all-electric (relatively) "compact" calculator. It did not use electronic logic but was based on relay technology, and was built into a desk.

22. MICROWAVE OVEN

A microwave oven, often colloquially shortened to microwave, is a kitchen appliance that heats food by bombarding it with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave spectrum causing polarized molecules in the food to rotate and build up thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating. Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform in the outer 2538 mm of a dense (high water content) food item; food is more evenly heated throughout (except in thick, dense objects) than generally occurs in other cooking techniques.

Percy LeBaron Spencer (9 July 1894 8 September 1970) was an American engineer and inventor. He became known as the inventor of the microwave oven.

23. CREDIT CARD

A credit card is a payment card issued to users as a system of payment. It allows the cardholder to pay for goods and services based on the holder's promise to pay for them. The issuer of the card creates a revolving account and grants a line of credit to the consumer (or the user) from which the user can borrow money for payment to a merchant or as a cash advance to the user.

 Ralph

Schneider invented credit

card.

24. GPS

GPS or Global Positioning System was developed in 1978, and was made to pinpoint your exact position to within a couple of meters with the help of up to 32 satellites. It became a great invention for explorers, paramedics, and pilots but now even for common people who have GPS enabled devices in their cars or even GPS based apps on their smart phones.

Roger L. Easton is an American scientist. He is the principal inventor and designer of the Global Positioning System.

25. IPOD

Do you remember the cassette Walkman? It could barely hold 12 to 15 songs, until this sleek little white device came along and revolutionized the music industry. It has amazing storage capability, the largest model being able to hold more than 30,000 songs! Not surprisingly, iPod has made an astronomical number of sales (more than 110m units).

The iPod is a line of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8- months before iTunes was released and its most recent redesigns were announced on September 12, 2012. There are four current versions of the iPod: the ultracompact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano, the touch screen iPod Touch, and the hard drive-based iPod Classic.

SOURCES:
http://list25.com/ http://wikipedia.com http://google.com http://apple.com