MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS

EEE F431/EA C452

Lecture 4
Sarang C. Dhongdi EEE & I BITS, Pilani-K.K. Birla Goa Campus

Switching Techniques

Circuit Switching

Packet switching

Circuit Switching

Originated in public telephone networks Dedicated communication path between two stations Three phases

Establish Transfer Disconnect

Must have switching capacity and channel capacity to establish connection Must have intelligence to work out routing

Circuit Switching

Inefficient
Channel

capacity dedicated for duration of connection If no data, capacity wasted

Set up (connection) takes time Once connected, transfer is transparent Developed for voice traffic (phone)

Packet Switching

Data transmitted in small packets

Longer

messages split into series of packets Each packet contains a portion of user data plus some control info

Control info
Routing

(addressing) info

Packets are received, stored briefly (buffered) and passed on to the next node
Store

and forward

Use of Packets

Packet switched network

Advantages

Line efficiency

Single node to node link can be shared by many packets over time Packets queued and transmitted as fast as possible
Each station connects to the local node at its own speed Nodes buffer data if required to equalize rates Delivery may slow down

Data rate conversion

Packets are accepted even when network is busy

Priorities can be used

Circuit vs. Packet Switching

Circuit Switched

Packet Switched

Bandwidth guaranteed

Bandwidth dynamically allocated on as-needed basis May have concurrent transmissions over physical channel

Circuit capacity not reduced by other network traffic Circuit costs independent of amount of data transmitted, resulting in wasted bandwidth

May have delays and congestion

More cost-effective, offer better performance
10

Mode of transmission

Simplex
Time 1

Half Duplex Full Duplex

Time 2

Duplexing

FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing)

TDD (Time Division Duplexing)

FDD

Pair of simplex channels Fixed and known frequency separation Tx and Rx operate simultaneously Two antennas or antenna with duplexer

991 992

1023 1 2

799

991 992

1023 1 2

799

Reverse Channel 824-849 Mhz Channel Number Reverse channel Forward channel 1N799 991N1023 1N799 991N1023

Forward Channel 869-894 Mhz Center Frequency 0.030N +825.0 0.030(N-1023)+825.0 0.030N +870.0 0.030(N-1023)+870.0