The Commonwealth of the Philippines

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 The Commonwealth of the Philippines was formally invested on November 15, 1935. The existence of the Commonwealth was proclaimed by Secretary of War George Derrn, the representative of President Franklin D. Roosevelt ti the occasion.

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Inauguration of the Commonwealth

The inauguration took place before the Legislative Building at Padre Burgos Avenue, Manila with more than 300,000 spectators. President Quezon delivered his invested address. His policy was more government and less politics.

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The Commonwealth was faced with Several Serious Problems

The problems were that of national security, social stability, economic problems and language problem. Quezon thought of a law to protect the country from outside aggression.

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Social Problems
In 1933, the most important movement was that of the Sakdalistas founded by Benigno Ramos. The poor harvests and frustrations with the governments lack of response to peasant demands. In 1938, the Socialist Party joined in a united front with the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP).

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Economic Problems
Foreign trades were dominated by the Americans, Chinese, and Japanese. Quezon made an agreement with President Roosevelt regarding the creation of a joint preparation committee to study the economic problems and to recommend solutions to the problems.

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Language Problems
English was made the standard of communication among Filipinos Quezon asked the National Assembly to pass a law providing for the creation of a national language institute. In 1937, the Institute of National Language recommended to Quezon that Tagalog be made the basis of future national language. December 30, Quezon proclaimed Tagalog the basis of the National Language .

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Achievements of the Commonwealth

Reorganization of the Government - Department of national Defense - Institute of National Language - National Council of Education - Census Commission and Commission of Mindanao and Sulu

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 Filipinization of Judiciary Granting of Women Suffrage - In April 30, 1937, a total of 447,725 women voted for the grant. - By constitutional mandate, Filipino women acquired the right of suffrage to vote and be voted upon. Creation of New Chartered Cities Adoption of National Language - Quezon proclaimed Filipino, based on Tagalog, as National Language of the country by virtue of Executive Order No. 134 in June 1940.
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 Promotion of Social Justice Promotion of Education of the Philippines - In 1933, Quezon created the National Council of Education with Dr. Rafael Palma as its first chairman. Compulsory Military Training of Able Bodied Filipino Youths - Commonwealth Act No.1 (the National Defense Act) was created for the compulsory training of all able bodied Filipino youths.

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 Creation of JPCA - July 4, 1946 Joint Preparatory Committee on Philippine Affairs recommended the granting of the Philippine Independence. - December 31, 1960 Philippine American preferential trade. Agriculture Development Enactment of Domestic Trade Passage of 3 Amendments to the 1935 Encouragement of Arts and Letters

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The Presidential Election of 1941

1935, the first national election was held on November 11, 1941 President Quezon and Vice President Osmena were reelected for the second term. December 30, 1941 Quezon and Osmena were inaugurated. The Government became known as the Second Philippine Republic.

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