PowerPoint to accompany

Technology of Machine Tools

6th Edition

Krar Gill Smid

Cutting Speeds and Feeds

Unit 41

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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Objectives
Calculate the revolutions per minute (r/min) for inch and metric size drills
Select the feed to be used for various operations Calculate the revolutions per minute for the reaming operation

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Cutting Speeds and Feeds

Two important factors
Diameter and material of cutting tool Type of material being cut

Speed of twist drill referred to as cutting speed, surface speed or peripheral speed
Distance point on circumference of drill will travel in 1 min

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Recommended Cutting Speeds

For every job, choose the drill speed that will result in the best production rates! Steel Casting Tool Steel

Drill Size Cutting Speeds in Feet per Min or Meters per Min in mm 40 ft/min 12 m/min 60 ft/min 18 m/min 1/16 2 2445 1910 3665 2865 1/8 3 1220 1275 1835 1910 3/16 4 815 955 1220 1430 Portion of Table 41.1 from text

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Economical Drilling Speed Variables

Type and hardness of material Most important! Diameter and material of drill Depth of hole Type and condition of drill press Efficiency of cutting fluid employed Accuracy and quality of hole required Rigidity of work setup

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Revolutions per Minute

Compute correct number of r/min of drill press spindle for given size drill
Type of material to be drilled Recommended cutting speed of material Type of material from which drill is made

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Formula (Inch)
CS (feet per minute) x12 r / min D(drill circumfere nce in inches)
where CS = recommended cutting speed in feet per minute for the material being drilled D = diameter of drill being used Revolution per minute = number of revolutions of the drill necessary to attain proper cutting speed for metal being machined.

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Simplified Formula
Since not all machines can be set to exact calculated speed, pi () divided into 12 to simplify formula

CS x 4 r / min D
Example: Calculate r/min required to drill a in hole in cast iron (CS 80) with a high-speed steel drill.

80 x 4 320 r / min 640 1/ 2 1/ 2

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Formula (Metric)
CS (m) r / min D(mm )
Convert so all units are in mm

CS x 1000 r / min D

CS x 320 r / min D

Example: Calculate r/min required to drill 15 mm hole in tool steel (CS 18) using a high-speed steel drill.

18 x 320 5760 r / min 384 15 15

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Feed
Distance drill advances into work for each revolution May be expressed in decimals, fractions of an inch, or millimeters Three factors govern rate of feed
Diameter of drill Material of workpiece Condition of drilling machine

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Drill Feeds
General purpose Work Drill Size in. 18 to to mm 3 to 6 6 to 13 25 to 38 Feed per Revolution in. .002 to .004 .004 to .007 mm 0.05 to 0.1 0.1 to 0.18

18 and smaller 3 and smaller .001 to .002

0.02 to 0.05

to 1
1 to 1

13 to 25

.007 to .015

0.18

.015 to .025

0.38 to 0.63

Table 41.2 Drill feeds

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Drill Feeds
General rule: feed rate increases as drill size increases
Too coarse chip cutting edges Too light chattering noise, dulls cutting edge

Hard steels or alloys use slower feed Softer metals drilled with faster feed Blue steel chips indicate too much heat at cutting edge
Dull cutting edge or too high speed

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Cutting Fluids
Provide both cooling and lubrication Properties of an effective liquid in dissipating heat
Able to absorb heat rapidly Have good resistance to evaporation Have high thermal conductivity
Oil: good lubricant, poor coolant Water: best coolant, no lubricating value (promotes rust)

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Good Cutting Fluid

Cool workpiece and tool Reduce friction Improve cutting action Protect work against rusting Provide antiweld properties Wash away chips