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The need
1. Studying logic entails the understanding of how the mind works.
- Reasoning as a mental procedure needs to be shown, in a framework coming from the originary Organon - Aristotle.
2. These mental operations practically presents the Course Plantilla in Formal Logic.
- Familiarity allows one to understand the procedure and the necessity of undergoing each step so as to achieve the ends of reasoning.
3. Eventual realization of the limits of logic as a tool to truth and validity.
T
Simple Apprehension
A PROCEDURE WHERE THE MIND GRASPS A THING WITHOUT AFFIRMING OR DENYING IT.
SENSE EXPERIENCE external internal
COMMON SENSE, MEMORY, IMAGINATION, ESTIMATIVE FACULTY
qualities
T
Simple Apprehension
IDEA internal product
IDEOGENESIS birth of an idea
q1 q2 q3
ABSTRACTION
Stripping off accidents to arrive at being. - Physical, Mathematical, Metaphysical
Terms
Tree
Material sign
Coconut
TREE COCONUT
ideas
Formal sign
T
Judgment
THE ACT OF THE MIND WHERE TWO APPREHENDED TERMS ARE JOINED THEN AFFIRMED OR DENIED.
IDENTITY
NON-IDENTITY
Tree
COCONUTS ARE TREES. PROPOSITION EXTERNAL PRODUCT -A statement or a component, standing as one, and is capable of expressing truth/falsity. -A plausible premise.
T
Reasoning
THE ACT OF THE MIND WHERE WE DRAW A CONCLUSION FROM A GIVEN SET OF VALIDLY DRAWN PREMISES.
ARGUMENTATION internal product - ARGUMENT: group of statements that is claimed to provide support one of the others. ALL TREES ARE TALL ALL COCONUTS ARE TREES
- Premises: statements setting forth reason/evidence - Conclusion: statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply.
A, B, C
ideas A is B. proposition
A is B.
C is A. syllogism
: C is B.
LINGUISTIC EXPRESSION
EXAMPLES
Term
Man, Mortal
Declarative Sentences
Socrates is a man.
Paragraph
All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
Premises, Conclusion
Why it is. Cause Valid Rules of Logic Invalid, Fallacious Why? (Prove it)