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Solarmeter: A Solarmeter is an instrument used for measuring the solar radiation. It uses the photovoltaic effect to measure the amount of solar radiation reaching a given surface. Pyranometers :The Pyranometers are instruments used to measure the global radiation on a surface (direct and diffuse radiation). Pyrheliometer: A Pyrheliometer is an instrument for direct measurement of solar irradiance Sunshine Recorder: A sunshine recorder is a device that records the amount of sunshine at a given location.
SOLARMETER
# Uses # It
cell. the photovoltaic effect to measure the amount of solar radiation
reaching a given surface. produces an electrical signal as a function of incident light, especially
responds to visible light and its response depends on the temperature of the
# Solarmeter
# This
PYRANOMETER
The operating principle is generally based on the measurement of the
difference in temperature between a clear surface and a dark one.
A dark surface can absorb most of the solar radiation, while a clear surface
tends to reflect, and so it absorbs less heat.
The temp. difference between hot and cold jns. Is the fn. of radiation falling
on the sensitive surface.
The sensing element is covered with two hemispherical glass domes to shield
from wind & dust and reduce convection currents.
A radiation shield is
provided coplanar with the outer dome to prevent direct solar radiation from heating the base of the instrument.
When
provided with shadow band to prevent beam radiation from reaching the sensing element, measures the diffused radiation only.
Inexpensive
instruments based on cadmium-sulphide photocells and silicon photodiodes can also be used but they cannot be accurately
Pyranometers
are frequently used in meteorology, climatology, solar energy studies and building physics
Precision Pyranometer
PYRHELIOMETER
It is used with a solar tracking system to keep the instrument aimed at the
sun and to get continuous readings.
It uses long collimator tube to collect beam radiation whose field of view is
limited to a solid angle of 5.50 by appropriate diaphragms inside the tube.
The
inside of the tube is blackened to absorb any radiation incident at angles outside the collection solid angle.
At the base of the tube a wire wound thermopile is placed which converts
heat to an electrical signal that can be recorded.
The signal voltage is converted via a formula to measure watts per square
metre.
The
tube is sealed with dry air to eliminate absorption of beam radiation with in the tube by water vapour. The instrument has a voltage output of approximately 8V/W/m2 and has an output impedance of 200 .
A pyrheliometer is often used in the same setup with a pyranometer. Typical pyrheliometer measurement applications include scientific meteorological and climate observations, material testing research, and assessment of the efficiency of solar collectors and photovoltaic devices.
A sunshine recorder is a device that records the amount of sunshine at a given location.
The results provide information about the weather and climate of a geographical area. This information is useful in meteorology, science, agriculture, tourism and other fields. This recorder consists essentially of a glass sphere mounted concentrially in a section of a spherical metal bowl, the diameter of which is such that the sun`s rays are focused sharply on a card held in the grooves, in the bowl.
Three overlapping pairs of grooves are provided in the bowl to taken up cards suitable for the different seasons of the year.
This instrument measures the duration in hours of bright sunshine during the course of a day. The card is prepared from a special paper bearing a time scale. As the sun moves, the focused bright sunshine burns a path along this paper. The length of the trace thus obtained on the paper is a measure of the duration of the bright sunshine.