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Food=chemical
energy
Cell energy=
ATP
Prokaryotes
ANAEROBIC
Some,however???
Quiz-anaerobic gylcolysis
Where in the cell does gylcolysis occur? Fate of glucose in the beginning of gylcolysis? Explain it takes energy to make energy?? How much net ATP is made? What else is made? 2 types of fermentation?
Cytoplasm Fructose (isomer) Invest 2 ATP get 4 Net= 2 ATP CO2 + NADH Lactate or alcohol
Mitochondrial structure
Outer=acidwhy?
The Mitochondria
Double membrane Has its own DNA!! Can reproduce in cell! Endosymbiont?? Possible evolution?
Taken into mitochondria Broken down to ACETATE CO2 produced Binds to large protein Coenzyme A to produce acetyl Coenzyme A
2 more ATP
Krebs Cycle
What are the reactants? What is produced? What do we mean by nonmembrane reactions? What is NADH? FADH? What is CoA and why is it important?
Pyruvate (C3) 2 ATP, CO2, NADH, FADH Enzymes not embedded Energy carriers Escort molecule to Krebs cycle
Mitochondria and O2 needed Uses NADH and FADH produced in previous reactions To make more ATP Lots more!!
ETS (cytochrome chain) is a series of reduction/oxidation reactions Enzymes embedded in mitochondrial membranes
ETS--Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis
H+ can only fall back into matrix thru A special enzyme/protein complex ATP SYNTHASEguess what that makes?? Buthow much ATP??
glycolysis
Alternatives to carbos?
Fats (2X calories/gm) but produce ketones Protein produces ammonia!! We utilize some of each but in small amounts
Theres lotsa O2 Mitochondria MORE ATP/glucose! Protective enzymes (SOD, catalase, etc)
Summary Quiz
What are the reactants of aerobic respiration?? Products? Equation? List the three respiratory stages:
Where in the cell do each occur? What are the products of each?