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basin Allow adequate contact between the coagulant and particles Microflocs are produced
Flocculation is used to:
Agglomerate microflocs to larger ones
Devices
Agitation in rapid mixing and flocculation is
performed by:
Mechanical agitators (most common) Pneumatic agitators Baffled basins
Design
The degree of mixing is based on the power
Velocity Gradient, G
The velocity gradient of two fluid particles :
0.05ft apart relative velocity : 0.2fps
V 1 d
2fps/0.05ft = 40fps/ft
V 2
Detention Time
For rapid mixing basins
Flocculation
Complete flocculation depends on: The relative ease and rate of microflocs
aggregation Number of particle collisions by gentle & prolonged agitation agglomeration of floc.
Floc Characteristics governed by G High G ; large floc will not form; high shear forces The rate of particle collision G Shear force G Total number of particle collisions GT
Inuence of velocity gradient and rapid mixing time on ocs formed by Polysilica Iron (PSI) and PolyAluminum chloride (PACl)
The aim of this study : to investigate the effect of different velocity gradients and rapid mixing times on the formation, breakage, and regrowth of kaolin ocs formed by PSI and PACl.
The maximum oc formation for the kaolin system occurred 390 1/s <G< 546 1/s
G<200 1/s 200 1/s < G <546 1/s (kaolin-PSI ) 200 1/s <G< 390 1/s (kaolin-PACl) G >546 1/s (kaolin-PSI ) G >390 1/s (kaolin-PACl)
Enhanced particle destabilization and aggregation by flash-mixing coagulation for drinking water treatment
OBJECTIVE
Investigation of enhanced rapid mixing intensity
on the performance of coagulation for natural turbid water treatment. Two surface water samples:
Low and High Turbidity
PACl
G values: (200-800 s-1) Pilot scale in line IFM
Spectometry
Experiments
Standard Jar Tests (Optimal Coagulation
Dosage)
Rapid Mixing ;100-300 rpm (G=200-800 s-1); 15 sec
Mixing Test
Mechanical Mixing
IFM (PFR)
(G > 5000 s-1 ) 554 NTU, 271 NTU, 98 NTU
References
T. S. Aktas, M. Fujibayashi, C. Maruo, M. Nomura & O. Nishimura, Influence of velocity gradient and rapid mixing time on flocs formed by polysilica iron (PSI) and polyaluminium chloride (PACl), Desalination and Water Treatment (2013),51:22-24, 4729-4735. 2. Jr-Lin Lin, J. R. Pan, C. Huang, Enhanced particle destabilization and aggregation by flash-mixing coagulation for drinking water treatment, Separation and Purification Technology, 115 (2013) 145-151 3. H. S. Peavy, D. R. Rowe, G. Tchbanoglous, Environmental engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1985
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