1 +

1 2 1+ + + 1! 2!

PRINCIPLES IN

MATHEMATICS

 The Permutation of n things in a circle.

= !

Circular permutation with identical things

1 ! = ! !

- it is the grouping of things whose arrangement is important.

The Permutation of n different things taken r at a time.

! , = !

The Permutation of n of which q are alike r are alike and so on

! = ! ! .

 division of things into smaller groups

! = ! ! ! !

 refers to a collection of objects without regard to sequence or order of arrangement.

Combination of n things taken r at a time. , =

, !

! . !!

Combination of n things taken 1,2,3or n at a time. =

- is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that something will happen or that a statement is true
PROBABILITY: SINGLE EVENT

D = number of desired events (number of favorable ways) T = total number of ways

ODDS Probability that event will not happen.

 PROBABILITY: MULTIPLE EVENTS

Dependent & Independent Events Two or more events are said to be dependent if the happening of one affects the probability of happening of the others, and independent if the happening of one does not affect the probability of the happening of the others.

PROBABILITY: REPEATED TRIALS

The probability that the event can occur exactly r times in n trials Where : Py = probability that an individual desired event will occur Pn = probability that an individual event will not occur r = no of desired Py

! = ( ) () ) ! !

 CENTRAL VALUES Mean Median Mode MEASURE OF SPREAD The Range Quartile & the Interquartile Range The mean Deviation Standard Deviation