12

Proactive Maintenance

Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:
• Use statistics
• Manage the Automatic Workload Repository
(AWR)
• Use the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor
(ADDM)
• Describe the advisory framework
• Set alert thresholds
• Use server-generated alerts
• Use automated tasks

12-2 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Proactive Maintenance

Automatic Automated Proactive

tasks

Server Advisory
alerts framework

Automatic
Workload
Repository Efficient

Data warehouse Automatic collection Direct memory

of the database of important statistics access

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 Introducing Terminology

• Automatic Workload Repository (AWR):

Infrastructure for data gathering, analysis, and
solutions recommendations
• Baseline: Data gathered of a “normal running
database” for performance comparison
• Metric: Rate of change in a cumulative statistic
• Statistics: Data collections used for optimizing
internal operations, such as execution of a SQL
statement
• Threshold: A boundary value against
which metric values are compared

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 > Statistics
Optimizer Statistics AWR
ADDM
Advisors
Alerts
Optimizer statistics are: AutoTasks

• Not real time

• Persistent across instance restarts
• Collected automatically
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM hr.employees;
COUNT(*)
----------
214
SQL> SELECT num_rows FROM dba_tables
2 WHERE owner='HR' AND table_name = 'EMPLOYEES';
NUM_ROWS
----------
107

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 Optimizer Statistics
Full Notes Page

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 Using the Manage Optimizer
Statistics Page

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 Manage Optimizer Statistics Page
Full Notes Page

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 Statistic Levels

STATISTICS_LEVEL

BASIC TYPICAL ALL

Additional statistics
Self-tuning Recommended
for manual
capabilities disabled default value
SQL diagnostics

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 Statistics
Automatic Workload Repository > AWR
.
ADDM
(AWR) Advisors
Alerts
AutoTasks

• Built-in repository of performance

information
• Snapshots of database metrics taken every
60 minutes and retained for 7 days
• Foundation for all self-management
functions

In-memory 60 minutes
statistics MMON Snapshots
SGA
AWR

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 AWR Infrastructure

External clients
EM SQL*Plus …

SGA
Efficient V$ DBA_*
in-memory AWR
statistics snapshots
collection MMON

Self-tuning … Self-tuning
ADDM
Internal clients component component

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 AWR Snapshot Sets

Relevant period
in the past

DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.CREATE_BASELINE ( -
start_snap_id IN NUMBER ,
end_snap_id IN NUMBER ,
baseline_name IN VARCHAR2);

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 Enterprise Manager and AWR

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 Managing the AWR

• Retention period
– The default is 7 days
– Consider storage needs
• Collection interval
– The default is
60 minutes
– Consider storage needs and performance impact
• Collection level
– Basic (disables most of ADDM functionality)
– Typical (recommended)
– All (adds additional SQL tuning information to
snapshots)

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 Statistics
Automatic Database Diagnostic AWR
.
> ADDM
Monitor (ADDM) Advisors
Alerts
AutoTasks

• Runs after each AWR snapshot

• Monitors the instance; detects bottlenecks
• Stores results within the AWR

Snapshots

EM ADDM
ADDM results
AWR

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 ADDM Findings

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 ADDM Recommendations

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 Statistics
Advisory Framework AWR
ADDM
> Advisors
Alerts
AutoTasks

SQL Tuning PGA PGA Advisor

Advisor
Buffer Cache
Memory Advisor
SGA
ADDM
SQL Access Library Cache
Advisor Advisor

Segment Advisor
Space
Undo Advisor

Backup MTTR Advisor

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 Advisors
Full Notes Page

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 Enterprise Manager and Advisors

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 The DBMS_ADVISOR Package

Procedure Description
CREATE_TASK Creates a new task in the repository
DELETE_TASK Deletes a task from the repository
EXECUTE_TASK Initiates execution of the task
INTERRUPT_TASK Suspends a task that is currently executing

GET_TASK_REPORT Creates and returns a text report for the

specified task
RESUME_TASK Causes a suspended task to resume
UPDATE_TASK_ATTRIBUTE Updates task attributes
S
SET_TASK_PARAMETER Modifies a task parameter
MARK_RECOMMENDATION Marks one or more recommendations as
accepted, rejected, or ignored
GET_TASK_SCRIPT Creates a script of all the recommendations
that are accepted

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 Statistics
Server-Generated Alerts AWR
ADDM
Advisors
> Alerts
AutoTasks

Enterprise Manager

Server
alerts
Oracle queue.
instance
Metric exceeds
threshold.

AWR

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 Default Server-Generated Alerts

97% Critical
85% Warning
Tablespace
Database Control: Tablespace
SYSTEM metrics Space Usage

Resumable Recovery Area Snapshot

Session Low On Too Old
Suspended Free Space

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 Setting Thresholds

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 Creating and Testing an Alert

1. Specify a threshold.
2. Create a test case.
3. Check for an alert.
1
2

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 Alerts Notification

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 Alerts Notification
Full Notes Page

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 Reacting to Alerts

• If needed, gather more input, for example, by

running ADDM or another advisor.
• Take corrective measures.
• Acknowledge alerts, which are not automatically
cleared.

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 Alert Types and Clearing Alerts

Metric based

Threshold 97% Critical Cleared

(stateful)
alerts 85% Warning Cleared

MMON

DBA_OUTSTANDING_ALERTS DBA_ALERT_HISTORY

Resumable Recovery Area

Snapshot Session Low On
Too Old Suspended Free Space
Nonthreshold
(stateless)
alerts
Alert
Event based

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 Statistics
Automated Maintenance Tasks . AWR
ADDM
Advisors
Alerts
> AutoTasks

•
Scheduler initiates jobs
•
Jobs run in the default maintenance
window
• Limit maintenance impact on normal
operation by using Resource Manager
Examples of maintenance:
• Gathering optimizer statistics
• Gathering segment information
• Backing up database

12-30 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

• Use statistics
• Manage the Automatic Workload Repository
• Use the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor
• Describe the advisory framework
• Set alert thresholds
• Use server-generated alerts
• Use automated tasks

12-31 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Practice Overview:
Proactive Maintenance

This practice covers the following topics:

• Proactively managing your database by using
ADDM
– Setting up an issue for analysis
– Reviewing your database performance
– Implementing a solution

12-32 Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.