Industrial In-Can Preservation

Index

Industrial In-can Preservation What is a Preservative? Classes of Biocides CMI/MI Manufacturing Process and Plant Concerns Preservative Requirements Microorganisms involved Effects of Contamination Products used The 15 ppm Challenge Summary

Industrial In-Can Preservation

General category includes Paint Latex Slurries Starches Textile spinning baths Floor polishes

What is a preservative?

A preservative is a substance added to a product to safeguard against accidental contamination It is an aid to, not a substitute for GMP It is not intended to clean up dirty products or plants

Classes of Biocides Used

Preservatives Mildewcides, Fungicides Antifoulants

Preservatives

Not needed in solvent based paints Non-aqueous systems do not support microbial growth Used in water-based solutions

CMI/MI
O
5 -Chloro-2-Methyl-4-isothiazolinone CAS Registry No : 26172-55-4 EINECS No : 2475007

Cl

N-Me O

S
N-Me S

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolinone CAS Registry No : 2682-20-4 EINECS No : 2202396

Isothiazolinone Reaction
O Nuc Cl S Nuc O Nuc = RSH, RNH 2 , Nuc Nuc S O

Cl S

N - Me

N- Me

OH -, -HSO 3,
CN -, etc...

N- Me + Cl

Mildewcides, Fungicides

Used in both aqueous and solvent-based paints Protect dried film from attack Solvent based systems more prone to attack than aqueous or latex systems

Antifoulants

High levels of biocides Active biocidal products Protect against soft (algae, grasses, weeds) and hard (molluscs) fouling Global environmental regulations single most important factor Almost always used with copper salts

Manufacturing Process Concerns

pH Emulsion Stability Partition coefficient Solubiliser Compatibility Note, extracellular enzymes from bacteria can degrade thickeners and other ingredients Temperature Addition during manufacture process needs to be as early as possible but it will depend on process parameters and formulators inclination Packaging

Plant Hygiene

Recurrence of individual strains indicate plant hygiene problems Changing Preservatives may have short term benefits In the long term, the problem will return This leads to preservative tolerance or resistance

Preservative Requirements

Effective against all relevant organisms Compatible with all ingredients No change of physical appearance of the product Stable and active in the long term Water soluble

Microorganisms Involved

Bacillus cereus Staph aureus Pseudomonas Xanthomonas Enterobacter Proteus Flavobacterium Fungi (Fusarium, Aureobasidium)

Effects of Contamination

Odours Attack on latex system Breaking of emulsion Gassing Corrosion of cans Lowering of pH Colour change Gelling Loss of viscosity

Products used
Thor is a major market leader Offering 17 Dry film preservatives (13 contain OIT) Plus 20 different in-can preservatives 10 contain CMI/MI 7 contain BIT Other formulators... Schlke & Mayr.. Bayer... ISP... etc.

Textron Products
TRELIN TRELIN TRELIN TRELIN TRELIN P 100* P 85* P 95* P 30 EU* LS 383 OT* TRELIN TRELIN TRELIN TRELIN TRELIN PBZ** PBZ 10** PBZ 40** MBZ 5*** MBZ 35***

*Contain CMI/MI

** Contain BIT *** Contain MI/BIT

TRELIN PF 80
Contains triazine

TRELIN MOT 214

Contains OIT

Products used

Products without isothiazolones are promoted for Metalworking fluids, bitumen emulsions and alkaline formulations In these cases a triazine compound is used BIT is used for high pH products The more common preservatives contain CMI/MI plus Formol Donor (HCHO)

Products Used

HCHO gives headspace protection

More hygienic manufacturing environment

HCHO is effective But sometimes undesirable Bronopol gives less detectable HCHO

But may interfere white colours

BIT is used for high pH products

The 15 ppm Challenge

CMI/MI is effective but conditions during the manufacturing process and physical plant conditions are obstacles to overcome Bronopol is not particularly stable but gives good performance when used with CMI/MI Bronopol has upper limit of 100 ppm for FDA approval A common formulation is CMI/MI and Formol Donor in terms of price/effectiveness balance

Summary

In-Can preservatives are part of a broad class of industrial preservatives Microbial contamination usually occurs from raw materials, in manufacturing process or in plant conditions Addition of Preservatives during manufacture process needs to be as early as possible but it will depend on process parameters and formulators inclination Early addition places a greater strain on the preservative

Summary

Formulated biocides predominate the market Most popular (and effective) are based on CMI/MI, and BIT for high pH Formulation usually boosted with HCHO donor Bronopol is preferred as a booster when HCHO cannot be used Careful formulation may be necessary to comply with all regulations