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A learning experience in that it seeks a relatively permanent change in employees such that their ability to perform on the job improves. Changing skills, knowledge, attitudes, or behavior. Changing what employees know, how they work; or their attitudes toward their jobs, co-workers, managers, and the organization.
Development
Development refers to learning opportunities designed to help employees grow and to prepare for future job assignments.
Development involves changes in an organism that are systematic, organized, and successiveand are thought to serve an adaptive function.
Learning
Is viewed as enhancing one's knowledge, understanding or skills
Training Vs Development
Training is skill related Development is knowledge related Training is job related Development is field related Training is short term process Development is long term process Training is reactive process Development is proactive process
DISCUSSION
Training programmes are helpful to avoid personnel obsolescence Discuss Changes in the environment of business affect training and development function in human resource departments? Retraining is vital to retain people.
Advantages
Benefits of the organisation:More profitability Improve job knowledge & skills Improve the morale of the workforce Help create a better corporate image Fosters openness, trust Provides information for future needs org gets more effective decision making Improves mgt-labour relation Help employees adjust to change Assist in handling conflict, thereby reducing stress
Recruitment
Provide an additional source of trainees Effective selection may reduce training needs
Training challenges
Competition is very intense. Companies are operating in a highly technical & global environment. The workforce is becoming even more diverse in terms of cultural values with the entry of more women, minorities & older people. Greater variation exists in the educational skills of entry-level workers.
Training challenges
Improper procedure designed to conduct need assessment Lack of collection of information to determine the usefulness of their own instructional programs Not having proper evaluation methods e.g, survey of Fortune 500 firms by Ralph & Stephan shows that (86%) most evaluations consist of trainee reactions that are written at the end of the course. Few efforts are made to collect information concerning performance changes by means of follow-up on the job.
of environment, strategies, and resources to determine where to emphasize training of the activities to be performed in order to determine the KSAs needed. of performance, knowledge, and skills in order to determine who needs training.
TASK ANALYSIS
PERSON ANALYSIS
Learning environment Learning is a relatively permanent change in knowledge or skill produced by experience. Learning environment refers to the dynamics of the training process .those components that support learning in the training setting.
Principles of Learning
Meaningfulness of presentation
Modeling
Goal setting
Individual differences
PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
Massed-versusdistributed learning
Whole-versuspart learning
Figure 6.5
Performance
Plateau
Low Time (weeks)
On-the-Job Experiences
Coaching Understudy Assignment Job Rotation Special Projects Action Learning Staff Meetings Planned Career Progressions
Role Playing
Behavior Modeling
Behavior Modeling
An approach that demonstrates desired behavior and gives trainees the chance to practice and role-play those behaviors and receive feedback. Involves four basic components:
Learning points Model Practice and role play Feedback and reinforcement
Behavior
Learning
Results
Figure 6.9
Virtual Reality is a training method that puts the participant in 3-D environment. The three dimensional environment stimulates situations and events that are experienced in the job. The participant interacts with 3-D images to accomplish the training objectives. This type of environment is created to give trainee the impression of physical involvement in an environment. To experience virtual reality, the trainee wears devices, like headset, gloves, treadmills, etc.
MCQ
which of the following is most important for HRD? to be clearly related to the organisations objectives to be clearly related to the expertise in the department to be flexible to be able to respond to sudden crisis to operate as an extension of the HRM department
MCQ
What may be particularly necessary as part of the training process where people are working in another country? e-learning discovery learning cross-cultural training activist learning
MCQ
Which of the following is not a stage in the systematic training cycle? evaluation assessing training needs planning the training job instruction on a one to one basis
MCQ
Which of the following is the best definition of a learning organisation? An organisation which facilitates the learning of all its members and continuously transforms itself. An organisation in which the managers are encouraged to develop An organisation which facilitates the learning of all its members in order to preserve the status quo An organisation which does a lot of training on an ad hoc basis
Which of the following is the best term to describe people who guide and suggest suitable learning experiences for their proteges? human resource directors line managers coaches mentors
MCQ
Performance Appraisal is a primary HRM process that links employees and organizations and provides input for other processes through these means 1.Identification, Measurement, Management 2.Assessment, Direction, Development 3.Recruitment, Selection, Onboarding 4.Skill, Effort, Responsibility
MCQ
The systematic process of making job valuation determinations about a job based upon its content and the way in which it actually functions within the organization is called Job Evaluation Job Determination Job Analysis Job Grading
MCQ
What factor can have a lasting impairment on a person's motivation to learn? a) Learning for work b) Learning which is challenging c) Learning which is instrumental d) A negative experience of learning
MCQ
Structured learning refers to learning that is: a) Learning that is imposed from above b) Planned and associated with specific outcomes c) Is theoretical in nature d) Is text book