CLIL experience

Content and Language Integrated Learning

3rd Third lesson

Three-phase induction motor

OBJECT: To study the effect of applied voltage on power factor & current drawn by 3-induction motor

The induction motor consists of a stator and rotor. The stator is connected to the three phase supply & produces a rotating magnetic field. So an induction motor is like a transformer with stator forming primary winding and rotor forming the secondary winding with the small air gap in the magnetic circuit. Upon increasing voltage at no load, reactive current drawn by induction motor will increase, therefore power factor of induction motor decreases but total current drawn will increase upon the increased voltage at no load. Here power is measured by two wattmeter method. The advantage of using two wattmeter method is, we can also measure power factor along with power consumed. When power factor is equal to 0.5 one wattmeter will show 00 Watt 2 but the second will give some reading.

Three-phase induction motor

OBJECT: To carry out no load test of 3-phase induction motor

For the performance analysis of induction motor, we need to have motor parameters. In those cases where motor parameters are not readily available from the manufacture, they can be approximated from different tests. One of them is no load test. Purpose of this test is to find out no load losses i.e core (magnetizing reactance) and mechanical losses for at this condition power consumed is basically because of these losses. Balanced three phase voltages are applied to the stator terminals at the rated frequency with the rotor uncoupled from any mechanical load. Speed, current, voltage and power are measured at the motor input.
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Three-phase induction motor

OBJECT: To carry out no load test of 3-phase induction motor
APPARATUS 1. Voltmeter AIMS

2. Ammeter 3. Two wattmeters

4. Auto transformer 5. speed-meter (tachometer)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

no load losses mechanical losses Iron losses magnetizing reactance no load current factor power rpm

L1 V L2 L3

Wa Wb A

3phase

VT

Induction motor
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Procedure
Choose the apparatus and measuring instruments. Choose the connection: star or delta Make the circuit as shown in figure. Disconnect the load connected. Start the motor without load at the 10% plus of the rated voltage and frequency.

Note down the readings of all instruments connected.

Repeat the test with decreasing voltages until the motor speed decreases significatly.

Observation - Results
READINGS n. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V [V] I0 [A] Wa [watt] Wb [watt] speed [rpm] P0 [watt] Q0 [var] ELABORATIONS Pc= PI&S+ 2 PF&Wo cosf 0 Rph*I [watt] [watt]

ELABORATIONS
3R ph I 02 Copper _ losses

P0 3Rph I I & S F &W

2 0

I & S Iron _& _ Stray _ losses F & W Friction _& _ Windage _ losses meccanical _ losses

P0 Wa Wb

2 Pcopper 3Rphase I 0

Q0 3Wa Wb
Q0 cos 0 cos arctg P0

2 I & S P0 3Rph I 0 F &W

RESULTS
Diagram

Fig. 2: No-load losses separation diagram.

Separation loss
c

W0 WF &W Wi Wc

W0 = losses at no-load WF&W = friction and windage losses WI = iron losses WC = 3RI2 = stator winding losses
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Observation - Results
READINGS n. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 V [V] 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 I0 [A] 1,29 1,33 1,38 1,42 1,60 1,80 2,10 2,90 4,25 Wa [watt] 112,5 125,0 145,0 167,5 192,5 232,5 320,0 420,0 620,0 Wb [watt] 57,5 47,5 37,5 27,5 17,5 -7,5 -67,5 -130,0 -252,5 speed [rpm] 2915 2933 2955 2967 2975 2980 2983 2985 2987 P0 [watt] 170,0 172,5 182,5 195,0 210,0 225,0 252,5 290,0 367,5 Q0 [var] 95,3 134,2 186,2 242,5 303,1 415,7 671,2 952,6 1511,2 ELABORATIONS Pc= PI&S+ 2 PF&Wo cosf 0 3Rph*I [watt] [watt] 0,87 0,79 0,70 0,63 0,57 0,48 0,35 0,29 0,24 7,1 7,5 8,1 8,6 10,9 13,8 18,8 35,8 76,9 162,9 165,0 174,4 186,4 199,1 211,2 233,7 254,2 290,6 PI&S [watt] 17,0 19,1 28,5 40,5 53,2 65,3 87,8 108,3 144,7 V 8100 10000 14400 19600 25600 32400 40000 48400 57600

Rph=

1,42

V8/V1= 5,9753

PAV(F&W)= PI&S=

145,9 W 108,3 W

(P8-PAV)/(P1-PAV)=V8/V1=

P0-PC-PAV=

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Power Factor
Cosf0
1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00

0,29:220

25

50

75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

cosf0

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Separation loss
400 375 350 325 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0
0 20 40 60 80

PC

PI&S

PF&Wo

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

P0 [watt]

PI&S+ PF&Wo [watt]

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Separation loss
400 375 350 325 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0

V2 (103)
P0 [watt] PI&S+
PF&Wo [watt]

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Answer to the following questions

1. How will the power factor vary if the voltage supply decreases? 2. Why is the power measured by two wattmeter method? 3. Which wattmeter will show 00 Watt? 4. What instrument can the motor speed be measured with? 5. How much is the percentage on the current at no load I0 compared with rated current IN? 6. What is the procedure in order to carry out no load test of 3-phase induction motor?
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Translate the following words:

1. 2. 3. 4. Stator core losses

Hysteresis and eddy current Magnetizing reactance Power factor

5.

Speed-meter

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Fill the gaps

1. An induction motor is like a .... with stator forming ... and rotor forming the . winding. When power factor is smaller than 0.5 one wattmeter (Wb) will show .

2.

3.
4.

Upon increasing voltage at no load, power factor of induction motor

In those cases where are not readily available from the manufacture, they can be carried out from different tests. One of them is . Purpose of no load test is to find out .. i.e. core .and .
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5.