CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF TURBOGENERATOR

BY P.RAM PRATHAP EXECUTIVE TRAINEE GMR GROUP

Rigid fabricated structure of welded steel plates

Fixed cage of girder built circular and axial ribs

Built up from a large number of insulated punching or sections of thin (generally 0.35mm to 0.5 mm) steel plates.
Material used is cold rolled grain oriented

Winding of stator is made up of copper strips with insulated tape imprignated with varnish and dried under vaccum and hot pressed to form solid insulated bar.

Three phase star connected double layer winding

Retaining ring wedges End winding

Slip rings

The rotor is cast chromium ,nickel,molybdenum and vanadium steel ingot,it is forged and machined.
Field winding is made of silver bearing copper with mica as insulation between conductors. Duralumin wedges and nonmagnetic steel retaining end rings

OPERATION OF TURBOGENERATOR No turbogenerator is inherently self controlled,but depends on the design characteristics During transportation and erection moisture may be absorbed and must be dried before TG is put into service. Drying must be done till the desired insulation resistance is obtained.

CHARGING AND DISCHARGING OF HYDROGEN PURGING: Removal of air from TG using carbondioxide. Hydrogen is filled after purging till 99%purity is obtained. SCAVENGING: Expelling of hydrogen from TG by carbon dioxide.This carbondioxide is removed by dry compressed air admitted at hydrogen inlet

Synchronizing the generator with grid Steps for synchronizing in manual mode: Select bus.

Match the parameters with the grid.

Make the synchroscope on.

When pointer of synchroscope moves slowly in cw direction, the generator is synchronized with the grid.
Immediately some load has to be taken after synchronizing, otherwise the generator will trip because of low forward power

OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS OF TG
Rotor current limit: Set by type and classification of rotor winding insulation. Stator current limit: This is also limited by max allowable temperature and this depends on the stator current flowing through them. MW limit: The maximum continuous MW rating is dictated by capacity of boiler ,rating of turbine but not by the generator.

Minimum rotor current limit (stability limit): Because of more steam admission ,rotor torque increases and if sufficient rotor current was not given then rotor will come out of step when magnetic coupling is broken. Stator and rotor end heating limit: Because of leading powerfactor,end zone heating occurs.

MW Stability limit of rotor angle Rotor current limit

MW load limit

Practical stability limit

If Ia
Stator current limit

Ifo

75o

MVAR LAG

MVAR LEAD

GENERATOR CAPABILITY CURVE

Operation under unbalanced load Because of unbalanced load,negative sequence currents flow which increases the temperature. If the negative sequence currents increases to about 20-25% of rated value then trip relay operates and generator trips automatically.